Information Heaven

Trick:How to send your email to your cellphone Free

2009-10-05T12:10:00.000-07:00

send your email to your cellphone Free
STEP 1:CREATE A FREE ACCOUNT HERE--http://email2sms.netcore.co.in/index.html
u have to give your cell phone number and the password will be sent to u as sms.
and u will get a ID (ex.91xxxxxxxxxx.m3m.in).

step2 login to your gmail account

step3.click settings..click FORWARDING and POP/IMAP option

step4 TICK forward a copy incoming email to.check box

Enter the ID obtained in STEP 1. and click save changes.
and click save

Call Friends With Their Own Number Free(Nice Prank)

2009-10-05T12:04:00.000-07:00

How to call your friends with their own number

Hello Friends after "Make Free Phone Calls From PC to mobile for free" hack today I am sahring With you a extremely Nice Prank or you can simply say Hack i.e "How To Call Your Friends From THeir Own Cell Number".

Mobile hack to call your friends:

1. Go to http://www.mobivox.com and register there for free account.

2. During registration, remember to insert Victim mobile number in "Phone number" field as shown below.

3. Complete registration and confirm your email id and then login to your account. Click on "Direct WebCall".
4. You will arrive at page shown below. In "Enter a number" box, select your country and also any mobile number(you can enter yours). Now, simply hit on "Call Now" button to call your friend with his own number.
5. That's it. Your friend will be shocked to see his own number calling him. I have spent last two days simply playing this cool mobile hack prank.

Convert Kaspersky Antivirus to Full version using Beta trick

2009-09-14T06:18:00.000-07:00

Download the kaspersky from its official websitehere is the linkDownload the latest version from hereNow here are the steps through which ur version would be converted into beta version and ur keys would never get blacklisted1. Download and install Kaspersky (Activate with a Trial License)

2. Go to Kaspersky’s settings, click Options, and untick Enable Self-Defence

3. Exit Kaspersky

4. Go to Start, run, then type regedit and press enter

5. Press CTRL+F and type in ProductStatus and hit enter

6. Double click ProductStatus and change Release to Beta (it may say Trial instead of Release)

7. Press OK then open Kaspersky.

8. Tick Activate beta license then press Next and Finish

9. Re-enable Self-Defence.

10. Every 30 days Kaspersky will ask for a license, simply click Activate Beta and boom you’re good to go

Create Own Proffesional websites in seconds for free of cost

2009-09-14T06:05:00.000-07:00

How to create a free website...yup, 100% free with a domain name.

I know there are many people who know this,but still there are a lot of people who are unaware of this.so here is the step by step basic procedure to create a website yourself.It is kind of cool to have a website on ur name lets start.
Before I start, there are few things that u should know about a website.

A website's name or u can call URL is called a domain.ex:http://www.orkut.co.in/, http://www.google.com.there/ are many free sites which provide you with free sub-domain..but sub-domains dont look professional,Ex: yoursite.0fees.net, yoursite.tripod.com

Web Hosting:You need some place to keep your site's content and distribute it to peoplewho visit your site.The place at which u upload/place your content is called web hosting.There are numerous web hosting sites aroung.

Bandwidth: many free web hosting sites have a bandwidth limit per month..Bandwidth is the limit of data or content a site can distribute over the net.If u exceed the bandwidth limit, ur site will be unavailable for the rst of the month.Now lets go to the real thing.

Step1:LIST of free website hosting sites
http://www.001webs.com/
www.0fees.net/
www.110mb.com/,
www.freehostia.com/free_hosting.html .
I always use 0fees.net not because it is the best, but i like it personally.After registering there..they will provide u with a sub domain but why would we use it,we are lookin for a free domain.
Step 2: Now you have to register your free domain name.you can even keep your own name as the domain.Ex: Srikar-coolchap.co.cc etchere are the list of very few free domain hosts(that I know)co.cc is the best free domain hosting service I've ever come across..it gives you full DNS controls and it also provides free URL redirectionThe best part about this service is you can get 2 free domains from one account..The registration process is very simple.c-o.inNext is www.c-o.in C-O.IN is a cost free and Ad free URL redirection service allowing anyone with a website to register a free subdomain and redirect it to their real URLthe available names are* yourname.c-o.in* yourname.c-o.cc* yourname.coz.in* yourname.cq.bz co.nrThat is Free of co.nr free domain name. Plus No ads at all, free URL redirection (free URL forwarding), free URL cloaking & masking, path forwarding. - Free short url redirect!However you must link back to their website on the first page of your website.

In the above free domain services, forget about the last two...co.cc is the best one...Just go over there and register your free domain...after registering there, just login to your account and click on GETTING A NEW DOMAIN on the top.
after that step, u will see a message like this..Please set up the domain in 48 hours.If not, we will cancel the registration.(Domain Settings -> Manage Domain -> Select your domain -> Set Up) click on set up button and minimise the page...now open ur web hosting account, and click on something which reads like domains/addon domainsclick on it(names and menu styles change with different web hosting sites, but the domains many you can find very easily)

Play High End Games By Converting RAM into graphics card using 3danalyze

2009-09-14T05:58:00.000-07:00

Convert ur RAM into a Graphic card

▓ Virtual Graphics Card ▓
->Play latest Games without Graphic Cards
->Many times we are stuck up with a system that just doesn’t provide enough juice to run the latest game…the result being ,you either spend a pot of money (atleast Rupees 3500 or 70$) for getting the latest graphics card, or you just read reviews of games like Crysis , Far Cry on gamespot and feel like a noob,fully knowing that your system just won’t be able to support it.
>Take heart ! Here’s a wicked software with which you can beat 128-256 MB of graphics card rSettings for sum special games
Neverwinter Nights 2 nand some oder games, you need to tweak the stuff a bit.Go to Start->Run->regedit.Then press F3 and search for hardwareinformation.memorysize.Click on the file,and modify the binary values to 00 00 00 08.This fools the system into believing that you have 128MB video RAM.Now open 3d analyze Then select only the ‘emulate hw tnl caps’ option.Do not select any other option.Enter device id and vendor id of ATi Radeon 9800.Click on Run.Use the same method in case agame shows that u dont have enough memory or u recieve an error that the game has reported an error, or any other error like that. equirements with a very modest 1GB DDR2 RAM.

Download : link -> http://www.ziddu.com/download/4104619/3danalyze

->What it does is,it uses a part of your RAM as Graphics card memory. For example,if you got 1GB DDR2 RAM,thenit’ll use 128MB of it as a Virtual Graphics card,and the remaining 896MB will be used as a regular RAM.

->Cool right….so you can Virtually emulate NVIDIA GeForce TI 4600,NVIDIA GeForce FX 4900 ULTRA,ATi Radeon 8500,ATi Radeon 9800 PRO.

Procedure to use software
Well the procedure is very simple, first click on select button to select the main executable of the game (not shortcut the main file through which the game can be run)u find the vendor id and device ids of famous graphic cards written on the middle bottom area of program, if u have more than 1 gb of ram enter the device id and vendor id of nvidia pro or ati ultra graphic, (u can also use the above ones but using them would be betr) Enter the ids of the graphic card u want in the respective boxes and select any additional options if u want. click on save batch file button. Now open the saved batch file and enjoy a bettter gaming experience.

walk with nature wallpaper collection

2009-08-09T11:28:00.000-07:00

12 high quality nature wallpaper pack

vodafone wherever i go wallpaper collection

2009-08-02T10:55:00.000-07:00

11 jpeg high quality vodafone wherever i go wallpaper collection
must download collection

Cognizant training material for PAT's

2009-07-30T07:25:00.000-07:00

Hi,

congrats to all Progammer analyst trainees who made to fastest growing IT company cognizant.

All 2008 passouts graduates got joining date according to online e-training module (it may be rumour).The last batch to join is on 28th december 2009.

The best way to utilise this time till we get into CTS is to brush up our basics ,as i training is going to be very hectic.

I got Training material and thought to share with you all.

here are links of six modules.

Data base management systems

Data structure

Fundamentals of computer technology

Object oriented programming

Problem solving and C programming

System analysis and design

magical power of concentration :inspiring story

2009-07-27T08:52:00.000-07:00

In the battle of Uhad, Hazrat Ali, the great warrior and the son-in-law of Prophet Mohammad, got injured with an arrow that pierced his leg. After the battle was over, his companions tried their best to pull the arrow out, but Ali was crying in pain.
The companion had to give up their efforts, and they turned up to the Prophet for a solution so that Ali could be a relieved of the killing pain. The Prophet told them that the arrow should be removed while Ali was offering naamaz as his concentration during the prayer would be so high that he won’t feel any pain.

The companion did what they were told; the arrow was pulled out while Ali was deep in prayer .Ali didn’t even come to know that arrow was being pulled out. This is an ideal example of what should be a man’s concentration while praying to the Almighty.
Prayer’s nowadays have become more of a custom than hearty devotion .We fail to collect ourselves spiritually when we pray and often the weirdest thoughts come to our mind.

We believe that if we ask something from deep within, the Almighty would answer our prayers.
“ALLAH,I DON’T WORSHIP YOU FOR THE FEAR OF HELL NOR DO I WORSHIP YOU FOR THE LUST OF HEAVEN……I SIMPLY WORSHIP YOU BECAUSE YOU ARE WORTH WORSHIPPING.
-HAZRAT ALI
But we seldom do it the way it ought to be. The customs of praying might be different in different religions but the essence is the same.

Prayers should be performed with great concentration and complete devotion; Prayers are the best form of mediation. We present ourselves in front of the Creator when we pray, Hazrat Ali had once said,”Allah,I don’t worship you for the fear of hell, nor do I worship you for the lust of heaven………I simply worship you because you are worth worshipping.”
This shows the kind of perfect belief Hazrat Ali had in the Almighty .Each one of us can do the same provided there is sincerity, devotion, and purity of mind. Prayers are not done to achieve material benefits but to calm down one’s turbulent mind so that one can have a peaceful and contented life.

10 golden rules for today

2009-07-27T08:44:00.000-07:00

1. TODAY I WILL NOT STRIKE BACK:
If someone is rude, if someone is impatient, if someone is unkind...
I will not respond in a like manner.

2. TODAY I WILL ASK GOD TO BLESS MY "ENEMY":
If I come across someone who treats me harshly or unfairly, I will
quietly ask God to bless that individual. I understand the "enemy"
could be a family member, neighbor, co-worker, or a stranger.

3. TODAY I WILL BE CAREFUL ABOUT WHAT I SAY:
I will carefully choose and guard my words being certain that I do
not spread gossip.

4. TODAY I WILL GO THE EXTRA MILE:
I will find ways to help share the burden of another person.

5. TODAY I WILL FORGIVE:
I will forgive any hurts or injuries that come my way.

6. TODAY I WILL DO SOMETHING NICE FOR SOMEONE,
BUT I WILL NOT DO IT SECRETLY:
I will reach out anonymously and bless the life of another.

7. TODAY I WILL TREAT OTHERS THE WAY I WISH TO BE
TREATED:
I will practice the golden rule - "Do unto others as I would have
them do unto me" - with everyone I encounter.

8. TODAY I WILL RAISE THE SPIRITS OF SOMEONE I
DISCOURAGED:
My smile, my words, my expression of support, can make the
difference to someone who is wrestling life.

9. TODAY I WILL NUTURE MY BODY:
I will eat less; I will eat only healthy foods. I will thank God for my
body.

10. TODAY I WILL GROW SPIRITUALLY:
I will spend a little more time in prayer today: I will begin reading
something spiritual or inspirational today; I will find a quiet place
(at some point during the day) and listen to God's voice

Reflection of life :Inspirational story

2009-07-27T08:38:00.000-07:00

A son and his father were walking on the mountains. Suddenly, his son falls, hurts himself and screams: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!" To his surprise, he hears the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!" Curious, he yells: "Who are you?" He receives the answer:
"Who are you?" And then he screams to the mountain: "I admire you!" The voice answers: "I admire you!" Angered at the response, he screams: "Coward!" He receives the answer: "Coward!".
He looks to his father and asks: "What's going on?" The father smiles and says: "My son, pay attention." Again the man screams: "You are a champion!"
The voice answers: "You are a champion!" The boy is surprised, but does not understand. Then the father explains: "People call this ECHO, but really this is LIFE. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is simply a reflection of our actions.

If you want more love in the world, create more love in your heart. If you want more competence in your team, improve your competence. This relationship applies to everything, in all aspects of life; Life will give you back everything you have given to it."
YOUR LIFE IS NOT A COINCIDENCE. IT'S A REFLECTION OF YOU!

HUM TUM cartoon Funny comic strips

2009-07-25T10:47:00.000-07:00

Maruti Kizashi

2009-07-23T05:38:00.001-07:00

Maruti is now planning to enter the D segment of cars with its newoffering Kizashi. Expected to be launched in the early 2010, the car is expected to compete with the likes of Honda Civic, Toyota Corrola, Skoda Octavia and the upcoming Volkswagen Jetta. The Kizashi concept car was showcased at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2007 and at the Auto Expo in New Delhi in 2008. Expected to be priced around Rs. 10 lakh, it will have many innovative features, and is likely to be powered by a 2 litre turbo diesel engine. Kizashi is also likely to have a sixspeed transmission and large 21 inch alloys. The car is likely to be produced at the company's Manesar facility in Haryana.

Maruti Kizashi is expected to be the first all-wheel drive sedan in the luxury D segment. The car will carry an advanced four-valve turbo-fired two-litre petrol, Euro V engine, which will also be premiered at the same time. Kizashi is also likely to boast the first six-speed transmission from the Suzuki stable. A crossover sports sedan, Kizashi, which depicts an athlete in motion, is likely to sport 21” wheels. Maruti Kizashi is expected to roll out from its Manesar plant. Kizashi will be positioned in the Rs 10 lakh-plus price band and will compete with the Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla, Hyundai Sonata, Skoda Octavia and Volkswagen Jetta besides other cars that will debut in the next three years.

recession t-shirt's : visual joke

2009-07-22T12:00:00.000-07:00

T-SHIRT's for recession visual joke**
*
click continue reading to see what recession impact on t-shirts

world's largest build womans

2009-07-22T11:39:00.000-07:00

Images of world's heaviest build womans. check it now

THE KARGIL MEMORIAL- OPERATION VIJAY

2009-07-21T11:54:00.000-07:00

This list {Not Complete } of names includes all Officers, JCOsand NCOs from the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force who died in the 1999Kargil Operations. This list has been organised in order of rank seniority.

check this link

check this linkhttp://www.amar-jawan.org/querypage.asp?forceid=1

10th anniversary of Kargil War: A Glorious Victory for India

2009-07-21T11:48:00.000-07:00

July 26, 1999 will go down in the annals of Indian history as a day when the determined Indian forces achieved a glorious victory over the retreating Pakistani army
It was on this day that the Indian victory over Pakistan was complete. True to its character despite having to pay a heavy price for fighting a war within its territory, the Indian forces allowed the Pakistanis to return across the Line of Control (LoC). It was a gesture which depicted the great Indian tradition of forgiving even the enemy, when it pleads for it. For Pakistan, it was another lesson which it would probably not forget for a long time. It would also put Pakistan to shame, for it chose to torture and kill the Indian prisoners of War (PoWs), rather than handing them over safely as was done by India through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
Fighting against all odds in the icy heights of Kargil, a remote region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian forces ensured that the supreme sacrifice made by their gallant soldiers did not go waste. As the nation stood like a rock behind the men fighting a war forced upon India by Pakistan, the plea from Islamabad to allow a safe passage to the trapped Pakistani soldiers was an ultimate proof about the capabilities of the Indian defence. The successful eviction of Pakistanis by the concerted action of the Indian Armed Forces clearly demonstrated that while India remains a votary of peace, it has the will and the capability to fight and win a war. The advancing Indian forces left no stone unturned to ensure that not even one Pakistani soldier remained on the Indian soil. With the backing of the Indian Air force (IAF), the Indian Army achieved a feat which would be hard for any of the armies around the world to match. It was also a milestone in the history of military aviation, as it was for the first time that air power was deployed with such effectiveness in such a hostile environment. The lessons from Kargil would also be applicable to all Air Forces for the world.

Though Indian forces initially suffered some losses, they were able to gain control of various heights very quickly. From Patalik to Chorbatla, from Valdor to Shangruti, the Indian soldiers were victorious everywhere. The Pakistanis were surrounded from all sides. Despite fighting uphill, the brave Indian officers and jawans cut through the Pakistani barricades. And for once the nation stood united like never before. The religion was relegated to the background and all communities were one. From Kashmir to Kanyakumari there was an outpour of emotion for the valiant Indian soldiers. Every time a body returned from the battlefield, entire nation shed tears and only vowed with further resolve to show no mercy for the Pakistanis. The nation also did not lag behind in lending the much needed financial support for the families of the soldiers who had laid down their lives protecting the Indian sovereignty. Aware of the need for a boost in the morale of the soldiers going to the front who had knowledge that they may never return home, singers and stars turned up in large numbers at the railway stations. The Indian cricketers also palyed their part and visited the hospitals where the wounded were being treated. It was an effort to show India was not divided as the enemy was hoping.
Incidentally, our policy of restraint and resolve during the Kargil crisis was appreciated by the international community. The blatant misadventure of the Pakistani military establishment in Kargil failed miserably on the politico-diplomatic and military fronts. The Pakistani attempt in Kargil has had such far reaching effect that it has still not been able to emerge from the indignity it invited upon itself.
Viewed against the background the historic initiative taken by Prime Minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee to visit Lahore in February 1999 and the signing of the Lahore Declaration, which clearly reflected India’s willingness and determination to resolve its differences with Pakistan through a process of dialogue and confidence building, the Pakistani intrusion in Kargil was a betrayal of trust. Even while accepting India’s extended hand of friendship in Lahore, Pakistan was planning its clandestine, unprovoked full-scale intrusion across the LoC. Taking undue advantage of the unheld gaps in the continous and glaciated terrain, Pakistan attempted this aggression against India which led to the occupation of strategic territory on the Indian side of the LoC.
But in the end a great disservice was done by the Pakistani Army to not only all their countrymen but particularly to their soldiers, who were laying down lives in a war which had no idea, ideology or purpose. They did not know as to why they were fighting. While here in India there was an outpour of emotion and solidarity, the Pakistani soldiers died an unrecognised death. They were also not given a decent burial by their own men, whereas the Indian soldiers despite knowledge that these were the bodies of the enemy choose to give them a burial. For it goes by the Indian tradition to pay respect to the dead human, whoever he or she may be. Instead of recognising their sacrifices, the best traditions of the Armed forces, the Pakistani army not only treated their soldiers as cannon fodder, but adamantly refused to acknowledge their presence across the LoC. Later, despite being made fully aware of the identities of their slain soldiers, it continued to turn its back on the dead. This evidently was so because it would have immediately exposed the direct involvement of the Pakistani army.
Unable to face the humiliation inflicted by the Indian forces, Pakistan finally did acknowledge that some of the dead were their men. But then it asked India to hand over the bodies to the ICRC rather than accepting them directly. This again reflected little or no concern of Pakistan towards its own dead soldiers who will never return home and to their families. In fact, by this refusal, the fate of many Pakistani soldiers will remain an unsolved mystery, a pain that will be very hard to endure. And, the pain and agony suffered as a result by the families of these soldiers who are no more will squarely rest with the Pakistani army.
Kargil has lessons for both, India and Pakistan. India’s policy of peace has earned her recognition from world over, yet it must not take defence preparedness for granted. The lesson for Pakistan is, it must understand that dialogue is the best course for sorting out mutual problems between the two countries.

Check Ur Mobile Phone Quality !! Must See !!Would you like to know your mobile is original or not?!!!!

2009-07-20T11:14:00.001-07:00

Check Ur Mobile Phone Quality !! Must See !!Would you like to know your mobile is original or not?!!!!
1.press *#06# on ur mobile.
2.After you enter the code you will see a new code contain 15 digits:43 4 5 6 6 1 0 6 7 8 9 4 3 5.

3.IF the digit number Seven & Eight is 02 or 20 that mean it was Assembly onEmirates which is very Bad quality
4.IF the digit number Seven & Eight is 08 or 80 that mean it¢s manufacturedin Germany which is not bad.
5.IF the digit number Seven & Eight is 01 or 10 that mean it¢s manufactured inFinland which is Good.
6.IF the digit number Seven & Eight is 00 that mean it was manufactured inoriginal factory which is the best Mobile Quality [Like N-Series] .
7.IF the digit number Seven & Eight is 13 that mean it was Assembly onAzerbaijan which is very Bad quality and very dangerous for health

How to use a trial software forever legally

2009-07-20T11:03:00.001-07:00

How to use a trial software forever legallyNow we download stuff almost daily. New products pop out so often. You can use any software forever you want. You can download trial version, right. Trial version expires after some days. You can stop that expiration. You can tell trial version of the software to not count days or do not bother about time. The software will stay and keep working like original software forever and will not expire or cease to work. You do not have to change your system clock. This little software does it all.

Time Stopper is the software which can stop the time for try out version software. When you stop the time you can use your try-out versions forever. When you stop the time of a try-out version using this Time Stopper it works via this Time Stopper. Real time and date run normally on your system. You can use any number of try-out version softwares with this software.
How it Works
1. Open Time Stopper
2. Browse and select .exe of required trial software

3. Choose the new date (Any date which occurs in between your trial software time period before expiration, suggestion: set it to two days before trial software expiration date.)4. Choose any time5. Click open software on your selected date
If you wish to create an icon for your modified trial software and do not want to open Time stopper every time then use last button in software to create new icon. open that trial software after that from that newly created icon always otherwise it can expire.
This is 100% free and 100% legal!!
Downloadhttp://files.getdropbox.com/u/657816/Programs/TS2.zip

2011 cricket world cup final in india

2009-07-15T10:22:00.000-07:00

The 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup will be the tenth Cricket World Cup, and will be hosted by three South Asian Test cricket playing countries; India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It will be Bangladesh's first time co-hosting a Cricket World Cup. The World Cup will use cricket's One Day International format, with fourteen national cricket teams scheduled to compete. The World Cup will take place during the months of February and March 2011, with the first match being played on 19 February 2011.
The World Cup was originally to have been hosted by Pakistan as well, but in the wake of the 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team in Lahore, the capital of the Pakista province of Punjab, the International Cricket Council (ICC) were forced to strip Pakistan of its hosting rights. The headquarters of the organising committee were originally situated in Lahore, but have now been shifted to Mumbai.Pakistan was supposed to hold 14 matches, including one semi-final.

The ICC originally announced its decision on which countries would host the 2011 World Cup on 30 April 2006.
Australia and New Zealand also bid for the tournament, and a successful Australasian bid for the 2011 World Cup would have seen a 50-50 split in games, with the final still up for negotiation. The Trans–Tasman bid, Beyond Boundaries, was the only bid for 2011 delivered to ICC headquarters in Dubai ahead of the March 1 deadline. Considerable merits of the Australasian bid were the superior venues and infrastructure and the total support of both the New Zealand and Australian governments on tax and customs issues during the tournament, according to Cricket Australia chief executive James Sutherland. The New Zealand government had also given assurance that Zimbabwe would be allowed to compete in the tournament, following political discussions in the country whether their cricket team should be allowed to tour Zimbabwe in 2005. The Australasian bid also won the support of former West Indies captain Shivnarine Chanderpaul.

ICC President Ehsan Mani said the extra time taken by the Asian bloc to hand over its bid compliance book had harmed the four-nation bid. However, when the time came to vote, Asia won the hosting rights by ten votes to three.The Pakistan Cricket Board has revealed that it was the vote of the West Indies Cricket Board that swung the matter, as the Asian bid had the support of the four bidding countries along with South Africa and Zimbabwe. It was reported in Pakistani newspaper Dawn that the Asian countries promised to hold fund-raising events for West Indian cricket during the 2007 World Cup, which may have influenced the vote. However, chairman of the Monitoring Committee of the Asian bid, I. S. Bindra, said it was their promise of extra profits in the region of US$ 400 million that swung the vote, that there "was no quid pro quo for their support", and that playing the West Indies had "nothing to do with the World Cup bid".

International cricket politics lie at the heart of the dispute. Since cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Asia is of fundamental financial importance to the International Cricket Council. However, historically, international cricket has been controlled by the "Old Commonwealth" nations of England, Australia, and New Zealand, supported by South Africa. The centre of cricketing politics has moved, over time, with the money, and the Asian nations, particularly India under the guidance of Jagmohan Dalmiya, looking for greater control in the direction of international cricket, and in 2005 Dalmiya said that the Indian subcontinent should host every third World Cup.

Staging of Matches
Pakistan Stripped of Co-host Status
Pakistan were stripped of its rights as co-host of the 2011 World Cup by the ICC on 17th April, 2009 due to ongoing concerns about the "uncertain security situation" prevailing in the country, especially in the aftermath of the attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team in Lahore.

The Pakistan Cricket Board has hinted that it may refuse to participate in the World Cup if they are asked to play in India . However, there is no concrete evidence whether this will actually happen.
It is estimated that the PCB will lose $10.5 million due to the tournament being taken away from them.This figure only includes the match-fee of $750,000 per match guaranteed by the ICC. The overall loss to the PCB and the Pakistani economy is expected to be much greater.

On 9th April 2009, PCB chairman Ijaz Butt revealed that they had issued a legal notice to oppose ICC's decision. However, the ICC claims that the PCB is still a co-host and they have only shifted the matches out of Pakistan. Pakistan have proposed that South Asia host the 2015 World Cup and Australia/New Zealand host 2011, however this option has not found favour with their co-hosts and hence seems unlikely.

Allocation of matches
On 11 April 2005, Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Shaharyar Khan announced an agreement about the allocation of games . The original plan involved India hosting the final, while Pakistan and Sri Lanka would host the semi-finals.and the opening ceremony will take place in Bangladesh. Australian cricketer Brett Lee will be performing the theme song for this World Cup.

After being stripped of its co-host status, Pakistan made the bid to host its home games in the cities of UAE as a neutral home venue. This is in response to the fact that the last few months of cricket that Pakistan has played, has been in the cities of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. The pitches in these stadia have also been developed to suit the Pakistani players. This would not harm any timing schedules as there are regular flights from the city of Mumbai to Dubai.

However, on the 28th of April 2009, the ICC announced the re-allocation of matches originally intended to be played in Pakistan. As a result, India will now host 29 matches across eight venues including the final and one semi-final; Sri Lanka will host 12 in three venues, including one semi-final; while Bangladesh will stage eight at two grounds as well as the opening ceremony on February 18, 2011.

Format
Late in 2007, the four host nations agreed upon a revised format for the 2011 World Cup, in which 14 teams will participate instead of 16. The first round of the tournament will be a round-robin similar to the one held in South Africa in the 2003 edition in which the 14 teams are divided into 2 groups of 7 teams each. The 7 teams play each other once with the top four from each group qualifying for the quarter-finals. The format ensures that each team gets to play a minimum of six matches even if they are ruled out of the tournament due to early defeats. One semi-final of the tournament was officially handed over to India, after Pakistan were stripped of its rights to host the tournament.
The planned semi-final venues are the R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka and expectedly Eden Gardens in Kolkata, India
The final is scheduled to be played at the renovated Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, India.

Indian millitary leads france's national day parade

2009-07-14T11:47:00.000-07:00

From left, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's wife Gursharan Kaur, French first lady Carla Bruni-Sarkozy and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen's wife, Bun Rany, attend the Bastille Day military parade, in Paris, Tuesday, July 14, 2009.

France celebrated Bastille Day on Tuesday with a grand military parade down the majestic Champs Elysees in Paris joined by a detachment of Indian troops. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is the guest of honour this year.
France celebrated Bastille Day Tuesday with a massive military parade down Paris’s majestic Champs Elysee followed by concerts, fireworks and garden parties as the country marks the 1789 storming of the infamous Bastille prison that marked the start of the French Revolution.
The main feature of the day was a huge military parade involving 5,000 men, about 300 military vehicles, 83 motorbikes, 280 horses, 68 planes and 37 helicopters, according to French officials. The parade moved down the Champs Elysees, from the capital’s landmark Arc de Triomphe to Place de la Concorde
Security is tight across Paris, with nearly 10,000 policemen and gendarmes spread around the city’s landmark sites, including the Eiffel Tower, where French rock hero Johnny Halliday will perform at a public concert later Tuesday.
"A proud day for India"This year the Indian military marched for the first time on the Champs Elysees, where 400 of its soldiers took part in the march under the watchful eyes of Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
India, the guest of honour for this year’s parade, sent three battalions.
In uniforms continuing traditions of the former British Empire, they marched to tunes “less militaristic” than those used by the French soldiers.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy was the guest of honour at the 2008 military parade that commemorated the founding of the Indian republic in New Delhi.
"It is a proud day for India as our troops will march in a country where they fought during World War I," defence ministry spokesman Sitanshu Kar told AFP as the contingent left last week on two Airbus planes sent by France.Thousands on Indian troops died in Europe in World War 1. Indian soldiers under British command were part of two Allied divisions that fought the Germans around the northern French town of Neuve-Chapelle in 1915.

Close military and economic ties
The decision to invite Indian soldiers underscores the close relations existing between France and India, said French defence ministry spokesman Laurent Teisseire.
France is one of the key arms suppliers for India's technology-hungry military, and the French firm Dassault Aviation is in the race for a mammoth contract to supply 126 fighters to the Indian air force.France also wants the G8 grouping of rich nations to be expanded to include major emerging economies such as India, the world's biggest democracy.Among the French contingent, pride of place in the parade has been given to troops recently returned from overseas operations, notably in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Ivory Coast and at sea off the pirate-infested Somali coast.
The French military will also be showing off some its new military arsenal, such as the Nexter armoured vehicle and the Caesar cannon, which has a range of 42 kilometres.
While 400 soldiers marched briskly down the Champs-Elysees in front of French President Nicolas Sarkozy and Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh on Tuesday, defense deals between the two countries, will in all probability, move inversely proportional in speed. In the working lunch between President Sarkozy and Prime Minister Singh, the slow pace of defense deals is sure to come up, but officials were tight lipped about details regarding the meeting.
All they would reveal was that regional issues like AF-PAK, terrorism and yes defense cooperation could come up at the talks. New Delhi is interested in modernising its 51 Mirage 200H which is approximately a billion Euro deal, and quite naturally, the French would want it signed sealed and delivered as soon as possible. But, India moves slowly in defense deals. Defence Secretary Vijay Singh, who is a part of the Prime Minister''s delegation, said before the Prime Minister''s meeting with the French President, that negotiations were proceeding at a pace that was expected in such huge deals.

The three corps from the Indian army, the Army Corps, foreground, the Marine Corps, in white behind, and the Air Force Corps, behind in blue, parade during the Bastille Day military parade on the Champs Elysees avenue in Paris, Tuesday July 14, 2009

The Army Corps from the Indian army parades during the Bastille Day military parade, in Paris.

The Army Corps from the Indian army parades during the Bastille Day military parade on the Champs Elysees avenue in Paris, Tuesday July 14, 2009

A French Army paratrooper, the Indian flag attached to his back, prepares to land on the Place de la Concorde during the Bastille Day military parade on the Champs Elysees avenue in Paris, Tuesday July 14, 2009

Kaminey: real player format music download

2009-07-13T12:35:00.000-07:00

Movie :Kaminey
Cast:Shahid Kapoor,Priyanka Chopra,Amol Gupte
Direction:Vishal Bhardwaj
Production:Ronnie Screwvala
Music:Vishal Bhardwaj

click continue reading to download songs of this movie

Dhan Te Nan
Fatak
Go Charlie Go (Theme Music)
Kaminey
Pehli Baar Mohabbat
Raat Ke Dhai Baje

agyaat: real player format music download

2009-07-13T12:16:00.000-07:00

Movie :Agyaat
Cast :Nitin Reddy,Priyanka Kothari,Gautam Rode,Rasika Duggal,Ishteyak Khan,Ishrat Ali,Ravi Kale,Harvey Rosemeye,Kali Prasad Mukherjee,Joy Fernandes
Direction:Ram Gopal Varma
Production:Ram Gopal Varma,Ronnie Screwvala
Music:Imran,Bapi,Tutul

click continue reading to download songs of this movie

Kargil :tourist boom after 10 years of war

2009-07-13T07:32:00.000-07:00

Kargil is a district of Jammu & Kashmir bounded by Baramullah, Srinagar and Doda Districts in the South-West, Leh District in the East, Himachal Pradesh in the South and Pakistan in the North-West. Kargil derives its name from two words Khar means castle and rkil means centre thus a place between castles as it lies between many kingdoms. The majority of the population is the Shia Muslims, an Islamic sect that regards Muhammad’s cousin Ali and his successors as the true imams.

Kargil is strategically located midway between Srinagar (204 Kms) and Leh, (234 kms) on the Srinagar-Leh highway and is the second largest urban centre of Ladakh region. Before partition of India, it was an important trading centre for the Central-Asian merchants due to its unique equidistant location (about 200-230 kms) from Srinagar, Leh and Skardo. Kargil town serves as a base for expeditions to the Suru Valley and Zanskar valley. It is the abode for adventurous tourists as they can undertake trekking and other adventure sports like mountaineering, camping, river- rafting, etc. in the high Himalayan valleys. It is also a convenient base for taking excursions to the Wakha- Mulbek valley, where the chief attraction is a 9 m high rock sculpture of Maitreya, besides other monuments. One can have an interesting excursion option to visit Drass to see its famous features like Tolo-ling, Tiger Hill and the Mushkoo Valley, well known throughout India on account of the extensively televised conflict on the LoC between India and Pakistan during May-August, 1999. Visitors traveling to Leh from Srinagar should take a halt here for the forward journey.Walking through the suburban villages along the side of river valleys is a mere experience. The best walking starts from Goma Kargil along a 2-km long winding road that passes through some of the most picturesque parts of the town, offering spectacular views of the Himalayas. The scenery of the surrounding is best taken in the afternoon as the setting sun plays magic with the changing hues and shades of the hills. The terraced township with hillside orchards is an enchanting sight in May when the trees are in full bloom. Kargil has suffered shelling during the conflict between India and Pakistan in 1999, hence check the situation before visiting

How to reach KargilThe only way to reach the land-locked Kargil is by roads. You can either take bus or taxi to reach the mountainous region. The main pass between Srinagar and Kargil is closed from November to May due to heavy snowfall. Kargil is 205 kms from Srinagar and 230 kms from Leh and can be better approached on National Highway No. 1A.

Rivers & ValleySuru Valley

Suru ValleySuru Valley starts from Kargil and runs 100 kms to the southeast. One of Ladakh’s most fertile regions, it boosts rolling alpine forests, mud-walled villages and snowcapped mountains. The valley is watered by the melting snows giving rich harvests of barley and plantations of willow and poplar, especially around Sankhu village. Close to the Sankhu village you can see the ruins of some forts and monasteries from the valley’s pre-Islamic past. The valley offers some magnificent sights of the prehistoric rock paintings as seen from far away. Expeditions to the mountains are possible from the picturesque village of Panikhar (about 25 kms from Sankhu village) which is covered with alpine flowers during June and July. The natural beauty is heightened by the towering peaks of Nun (7135 m) and Kun (7087 m) with their crystalline majesty. The exotic Suru Valley with about a dozen villages strung around, Panikhar comprises a series of intensively cultivated plateaus, descending in level steps, to the bed of the Suru River which here receives the gushing waters of Chelong River.

Zanskar Valley

Zanskar ValleySome 20 kms away from Rangdum stands the Panzila axis, across which lies Zanskar, the most isolated of all the trans-Himalayan valleys. The Penzila pass (4,401m) is a picturesque raised ground surrounded by snow-covered peaks. A long and winding river of ice and snow, "Drang-Drung" is perhaps the largest glacier in Ladakh, outside the Siachen formation. It is the very glacier from which Stod or Doda tributary of the Zanskar River rises.There is a certain mystique about Zanskar. This is no doubt due to its remoteness and high altitude and is difficult to access but its reputation as a Sangri-La is due to its landscapes, the simplicity of life in villages and the serene atmosphere all around. The valley is situated between the Great Himalayan Range and the Zanskar mountains, the three arms radiating star-like towards the west, north and south from a wide central expanse. Here the Zanskar River comes into being by the confluence of its two Himalayan tributaries, the Stod/Doda and the Lingti-Tsarap Rivers. The main places of attractions in the Zanskar valley are the mountainous ramparts of this ‘Shangri-La’, a number of ancient yet active monastic establishments. In addition, the haunting beauty of the spectacular landscape and the ancient culture of this formidable land are wonderful and enjoyable.

Learn a new english word daily

2009-07-12T05:16:00.000-07:00

Want to learn new english words.........even tried by searching dictionary ,reading newspapers.
but what is the use if u can't remember them even for day..
ok solution is here from now-on we http://www.informationheaven.co.cc/ post a new word
daily with the tips and tricks to learn that word and we guarantee that you will never
forget the word which you will learn from here.

here goes words

eerie

(adj.) inspiring a feeling of fear; strange and frightening
"an uncomfortable and eerie stillness in the woods", "an eerie midnight howl"
(adj.) suggestive of the supernatural; mysterious
"an eerie feeling of deja vu"

Mnemonics
(Tag: ) Sing a song : eelie re eelie (sounds similar to eerie) kya hai paheli??�meaning strange

(Tag: ) EERIE is something SCARY.

(Tag: ) eerie can b understand as a person ERIC who is frightening nd fearful

redolent

(adj.) having a strong pleasant odor
"the pine woods were more redolent"synonyms : aromatic
The smell of aromatic flowers greeted her as she stepped into the house.
(adj.) (used with `of' or `with') noticeably odorous
"the hall was redolent of floor wax", "air redolent with the fumes of beer and whiskey"synonyms : smelling
(adj.) serving to bring to mind
"cannot forbear to close on this redolent literary note", "a campaign redolent of machine politics"synonyms : evocative , remindful , reminiscent , resonant

Mnemonics
(Tag: ) re-odo-lent: reminder of "odor".
(Tag: ) r + ED + OL --> DE + tt + OL --> fragrant
(Tag: English) re - odolent--> concentrate on odolent , which sounds like ODONIL, we use odonil in bathrooms for fragrance..
(Tag: ) red+(Rose)+olent; Red rose u lent has a pleasant smell.

cloud seeeding:china controlling the weather

2009-07-09T12:03:00.000-07:00

In the lead-up to the 2008 Summer Olympics, the People's Republic of China garnered a lot of press for all its housecleaning efforts. The country made strides toward cleaning up pollution, revamping public transportation and generally tidying up the city of Beijing. After all, the event promised to be the biggest party of the year, with the entire world invited to tune in. Authorities deterred potential party crashers by making it harder to visit the city and, yes, even requiring the visiting Luchadores to carry permits for their trademark Mexican wrestling masks.
If you've ever thrown a party, you too may have fretted over every detail concerning the evening. Will the guests think you're cheap if you don't use the good china? Will your kids be on their best behavior, or should you banish them to their rooms? Chinese officials faced similar worries heading into the summer games, only they took their micro planning to unheard of levels. See, the Aug. 8 opening ceremony happened to fall during a traditionally wet season for Beijing. To avoid any crimp in their plans, they decided to shoot down any cloud that looked as though it might try to enter the city uninvited.

That may sound extreme, but Chinese authorities didn't become such meteorological control freaks overnight. Chinese research into weather control dates back to 1958. Forty years later, the government-run Weather Modification Program launches thousands of specially designed rockets and artillery shells into the sky every year in an attempt to manipulate weather conditions.
Run by the Weather Modification Department, a division of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, the program employs and trains 32,000 to 35,000 people across China, some of them farmers, who are paid to handle anti-aircraft guns and rocket launchers [source: Aiyar]. These heavy-duty weapons launch pellets containing silver iodide into clouds. Silver iodide is thought to concentrate moisture and cause rain, a process known as cloud seeding. China has invested heavily in this technology, using more than 12,000 anti-aircraft guns and rocket launchers in addition to about 30 planes [source: Aiyar].
With a population of more than 1.3 billion, China requires vast amounts of water. The government practices cloud seeding to try to produce rain for farmers, stave off drought, clear away air pollution and smog, fill water basins and, of course, produce a picture-perfect opening Olympic ceremony.
Were Chinese authorities successful in keeping their atmospheric gatecrashers at bay? And how does cloud seeding actually work? Read on to find out.
Cloud Seeding Methods
The Beijing Weather Modification Office spent a lot of time researching how to prevent rain in the city during the Aug. 8 opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics. The government even guaranteed clear skies for the event -- a promise it managed to deliver on. The feat only took the launch of 1,104 rain dispersal rockets from 21 sites in the city to pull off [source: O'Neill.
Even in areas with very low humidity, there's at least some water in the sky and clouds. A rainstorm happens after moisture collects around naturally occurring particles in the air, causing the air to reach a level of saturation at which point it can no longer hold in that moisture. Cloud seeding essentially helps that process along, providing additional "nuclei" around which water condenses. These nuclei can be salts, calcium chloride, dry ice or silver iodide, which the Chinese use. Silver iodide is effective because its form is similar to ice crystals. Calcium chloride is often used in warm or tropical areas.
Northern China, where Beijing is located, doesn't receive much rain -- its rainfall levels are 35 percent below the world average, and some of its water supplies are significantly polluted. The area relies heavily on cloud seeding. Zhiang Qiang, who runs the Beijing Weather Modification Office, told the Asia Times that water levels in Beijing's water basins have increased up to 13 percent due to cloud seeding [source: Aiyar. Cloud seeding also has been used to cool Beijing on hot days.
There are three cloud seeding methods: static, dynamic and hygroscopic.
Static cloud seeding involves spreading a chemical like silver iodide into clouds. The silver iodide provides a crystal around which moisture can condense. The moisture is already present in the clouds, but silver iodide essentially makes rain clouds more effective at dispensing their water.
Dynamic cloud seeding aims to boost vertical air currents, which encourages more water to pass through the clouds, translating into more rain [source: Cotton. Up to 100 times more ice crystals are used in dynamic cloud seeding than in the static method. The process is considered more complex than static clouding seeding because it depends on a sequence of events working properly. Dr. William R. Cotton, a professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University, and other researchers break down dynamic cloud seeding into 11 separate stages. An unexpected outcome in one stage could ruin the entire process, making the technique less dependable than static cloud seeding.
Hygroscopic cloud seeding disperses salts through flares or explosives in the lower portions of clouds. The salts grow in size as water joins with them. In his report on cloud seeding, Cotton says that hygroscopic cloud seeding holds much promise, but requires further research.
China has a reputation for launching ambitious projects, from the Great Wall in ancient times to the highest railroad in the world, connecting Qinghai to Tibet. But is the investment in cloud seeding worth it, and can the government really make it rain whenever it sees the need? On the next page, we'll look at some of the criticism surrounding cloud seeding.

Geothermal energy

2009-07-09T11:57:00.000-07:00

We live between two great sources of energy, the hot rocks beneath the surface of the earth and the sun in the sky. Our ancestors knew the value of geothermal energy; they bathed and cooked in hot springs. Today we have recognized that this resource has potential for much broader application.
The core of the earth is very hot and it is possible to make use of this geothermal energy (in Greek it means heat from the earth). These are areas where there are volcanoes, hot springs, and geysers, and methane under the water in the oceans and seas. In some countries, such as in the USA water is pumped from underground hot water deposits and used to heat people’s houses.
Geothermal manifestations are wide spread in India in the form of 340 hot spring sites.
The utilization of geothermal energy for the production of electricity dates back to the early part of the twentieth century. For 50 years the generation of electricity from geothermal energy was confined to Italy and interest in this technology was slow to spread elsewhere. In 1943 the use of geothermal hot water was pioneered in Iceland.

Form of Energy: Thermal energyThis energy is being used for: Heating/Power GenerationSome of the gadgets and other devices: Heat exchanger, Steam turbines
In India, Northwestern Himalayas and the western coast are considered geothermal areas. The Geological Survey of India has already identified more than 350 hot spring sites, which can be explored as areas to tap geothermal energy. Satellites like the IRS-1 have played an important role, through infrared photographs of the ground, in locating geothermal areas. The Puga valley in the Ladakh region has the most promising geothermal field. An experimental 1-kW generator is already in operation in this area. It is being used mainly for poultry farming, mushroom cultivation, and pashmina-wool processing, all of which need higher temperature

Luck :Movie download

2009-07-06T01:20:00.000-07:00

Movie :Luck
Cast :Sanjay Dutt,Mithun Chakraborty,Danny Denzongpa,Imran Khan,Ravi Kishan,Neha Oberoi,Rati Agnihotri,Shruti K. Haasan,Chitrashi Rawat,Snita Mahey
Direction :Soham Shah
Production :Dhillin Mehta
Music :Salim Merchant,Sulaiman Merchant
Download
Aazma (Luck is the Key)
Jee Le
Jee Le (Remix)
Khudaya Ve
Khudaya Ve (Remix)
Khudaya Ve (Radio Mix)
Laaga Le
Luck Aazma
Luck Aazma (Remix)

love aajkal: Music download

2009-07-06T01:11:00.000-07:00

Movie :Love Aaj Kal
Cast :Saif Ali Khan,Deepika Padukone,Neetu Singh,Rishi Kapoor,Rahul Khanna,Vir Das
Direction: Imtiaz Ali
Production:Saif Ali Khan,Dinesh Vijan
Music:Pritam Chakraborty
Download
Aahun Aahun
Aahun Aahun (Remix)
Ajj Din Chadheya
Chor Bazari
Chor Bazari (Remix)
Main Kya Hoon
Thoda Thoda Pyar
Twist
Twist (Remix)
Ye Dooriyan

Dekh bhai dekh: music download

2009-07-06T00:59:00.000-07:00

Movie: Dekh Bhai Dekh
Cast: Gracy Singh,Siddharth Koirala,Raghuveer Yadav,Vijay Raaz,Asrani,Virendra Saxena,AroonBakshi
Direction: Rahat Kazmi
Production:Vivek Sudarshan,Ashok Chauhan
Music:Nayab,Shahdaab Bhartiya

Download

Aankhon Mein Kyon

Aankhon Mein Kyon (Unplugged)

Bawari Hoon Main

Bawari Hoon Main (Part 2)

Dekh Bhai Dekh

Dekh Bhai Dekh (Part 2)

Sapne Bhaye Hain (Part 2)

Sapne Bhaye Hain (Instrumental)

Runway: Movie download

2009-07-03T03:07:00.000-07:00

MOVIE INFO

Released : Jun 26, 2009

Genre : Action

Starcast : Tulip Joshi, Amarjeet Shukla, Lucky Ali, Deepal Shaw, Sharat Saxena, Rauf Lala, Ishrat Ali

Desc :
Runway is an action-packed drama that has the protagonist Amarjeet landing up in Mauritius to get his girlfriend (Shaw) out of trouble. Inorder to do this he signs a contract that gets him in Lucky Ali`s bad books. Meanwhile, a bar dancer (Joshi) decides to help but ends up falling in love with him.

Duration : 1hr 42mins

Size : 122 mb

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Part1:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/runway1.htm

part2:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/runway2.htm

New York: Movie Download

2009-07-03T03:03:00.001-07:00

MOVIE INFO

Released : Jun 26, 2009

Genre : Action

Starcast : John Abraham,Katrina Kaif,Neil Nitin Mukesh,Irrfan Khan

Desc :
New York is a contemporary story of friendship set against the larger than life backdrop of a city often described as the centre of the world. Omar (Neil Nitin Mukesh) has gone abroad for the first time in his life and soon enough he begins to see and love America through the eyes of his American friends – Sam (John Abraham) and Maya (Katrina Kaif). It is the story of these three friends discovering a new world together. But one day the world around them changed. For most of us, larger events in the world are just headlines in the newspapers but these events can change our lives... forever. New York is one such story of 3 young friends whose beautiful lives are turned upside down by larger events beyond their control. At this point enters Agent Roshan (Irrfan), an FBI undercover agent who sets the ball rolling for a series of tumultuous events that turn the lives of these friends into a dangerous and thrilling roller coaster ride.

Duration : 2hr 14min

Download:

part1:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/newyork1.htm

part2: http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/newyork2.htm

Paying Guests:Movie

2009-07-03T02:58:00.000-07:00

MOVIE INFO

Released : Jun 19, 2009

Genre : Comedy

Starcast : Shreyas Talpade, Javed Jaffrey, Aashish Chowdhry, Celina Jaitley, Chunky Pandey, Riya Sen, Sayali Bhagat, Neha Dhupia

Desc :
A group of four funloving guys (Talpade, Jaffery, Chaudhary, Seth) are on a crazy house hunt that takes them through a series of comical twists just to find a roof over their heads. Their landlord Ballu (Lever) will give them a place to live but on one condition- only couples allowed. Desperate and nowhere to go, two of the guys decide to disguise themselves as wives to get the accomodation. But who will be the women?

Download:

part1:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/payingguest1.htm

part2:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/payingguest2.htm

Underworld 3: Rise of the Lycans - Hindi:Movie

2009-07-03T02:37:00.000-07:00

MOVIE INFO

Released : 23 January 2009

Genre : Action Fantasy Horror Thriller

Starcast : Michael Sheen, Bill Nighy, Rhona Mitra

Desc :
The prequel story traces the origins of the centuries-old blood feud between the aristocratic vampires and their onetime slaves, the Lycans. In the Dark Ages, a young Lycan named Lucian emerges as a powerful leader who rallies the werewolves to rise up against Viktor, the cruel vampire king who has enslaved them. Lucian is joined by his secret lover, Sonja, in his battle against the Vampire army and his struggle for Lycan freedom.

Download:

part1:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/underworld1.htm

part2:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/underworld2.htm

Schindlers List - Hindi: Movie download

2009-07-03T02:26:00.000-07:00

MOVIE INFO

Released : 15 December 1993

Genre : Biography Drama History War

Starcast : Liam Neeson, Ben Kingsley, Ralph Fiennes

Desc :
Oskar Schindler uses Jews to start a factory in Poland during the war. He witnesses the horrors endured by the Jews, and starts to save them.

Duration : 3 hrs 15min

Size : 199mb

Download

part1:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/shindlers1.htm

part2:http://informationheavenmovies.110mb.com/shindlers2.htm

The Astronauts: Movie

2009-07-03T01:43:00.000-07:00

MOVIE INFO
Released : August 27, 1999
Genre : Horror Sci-Fi Thriller
Starcast : Johnny Depp, Charlize Theron, Joe Morton
Desc :A pair of shuttle astronauts leave their spacecraft to repair a satellite. There's an explosion. NASA loses contact for two minutes, but the pair are rescued and safely returned to Earth. Eventually it becomes evident that neither of the astronauts are quite the same.
Duration : 1hr 48mins Size : 128mb

Download link

part1:The.Astronauts.Wife-Hindi-AHMAD-1.avi

part2:The.Astronauts.Wife-Hindi-AHMAD-1.jpg

Osama bin Laden

2009-07-03T01:28:00.000-07:00

Al Qaeda was founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden to consolidate the international network he established during the Afghan war. Its goals were the advancement of Islamic revolutions throughout the Muslim world and repelling foreign intervention in the Middle East. Bin Laden, son of a billionaire Saudi businessman, became involved in the fight against the Soviet Union’s invasion and occupation of Afghanistan, which lasted from 1979 to 1988 and ended with a Soviet defeat at the hands of international militias of Muslim fighters backed by the U.S., Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Together with Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood leader, Abdullah Azzam, bin Laden ran one of seven main militias involved in the fighting. They established military training bases in Afghanistan and founded Maktab Al Khidamat, or Services Office, a support network that provided recruits and money through worldwide centers, including in the U.S. Bin Laden and Azzam had different visions for what to do with the network they had established. Bin Laden decided to found Al Qaeda, based on personal affiliations created during the fighting in Afghanistan as well as on his own international network, reputation and access to large sums of money. The following year Azzam was assassinated. After the war ended, the Afghan-Arabs, as the mostly non-Afghan volunteers who fought the Soviets came to be known, either returned to their countries of origin or joined conflicts in Somalia, the Balkans and Chechnya. This benefited Al Qaeda’s global reach and later helped cultivate the second and third generations of Al Qaeda terrorists. Following the first Gulf War, Al Qaeda shifted its focus to fighting the growing U.S. presence in the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia, home to Islam’s most sacred shrines. Al Qaeda vociferously opposed the stationing of U.S. troops on what it considered the holiest of Islamic lands and waged an extended campaign of terrorism against the Saudi rulers, whom bin Laden deemed to be false Muslims. The ultimate goal of this campaign was to depose the Saudi royal family and install an Islamic regime on the Arabian peninsula. The Saudi regime subsequently deported bin Laden in 1992 and revoked his citizenship in 1994. In 1991 bin Laden moved to Sudan, where he operated until 1996. During this period, Al Qaeda established connections with other terror organizations with the help of its Sudanese hosts and Iran. While in Sudan, Al Qaeda was involved in several terror attacks and guerrillaactions carried out by other organizations. In May 1996, following U.S. pressure on the Sudanese government, bin Laden moved to Afghanistan where he allied himself with the ruling Taliban. Between 1991 and 1996, Al Qaeda took part in several major terror attacks. Al Qaeda was involved in the bombing of two hotels in Aden, Yemen, which targeted American troops en route to Somalia on a humanitarian and peacekeeping mission. It also gave massive assistance to Somali militias, whose efforts brought the eventual withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1994. Bin Laden was also involved in an assassination attempt against Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in Ethiopia in June 1995. Two major terrorist actions against the U.S. military in Saudi Arabia, a November 1995 attack in Riyadh and the June 1996 Khobar Towers bombing, also fit Al Qaeda’s strategy at the time, but their connection to Al Qaeda is not entirely clear. There is little evidence to suggest a significant connection between bin Laden and the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993. After moving to Afghanistan, bin Laden escalated his anti-American rhetoric. In an interview with the Independent in July 1996, bin Laden praised the Riyadh and Dhahram attacks on U.S. forces in Saudi Arabia, saying it marked “the beginning of war between Muslims and the United States.” He did not take responsibility for the attacks, but said that “not long ago, I gave advice to the Americans to withdraw their troops from Saudi Arabia.” On August 23, 1996, bin Laden issued Al Qaeda’s first “declaration of war” against America, his “Message from Osama bin Laden to his Muslim brothers in the whole world and especially in the Arabian Peninsula: declaration of jihad against the Americans occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques (Saudi Arabia); expel the heretics from the Arabian Peninsula.” In February 1998 bin Laden and several leading Muslim militants declared the formation of a coalition called the International Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders to fight the U.S. Member organizations included Al Qaeda, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad led by Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, the Egyptian Islamic Group, and organizations engaged in Kashmir and Bangladesh. Bin Laden was appointed to head the Front’s council (shura). The militants signed a fatwa (religious opinion) outlining the Front’s ideology and goals. The fatwa was published in a London-based Arabic paper, Al Quds Al Arabi; it called on all Muslims to “kill the Americans and their allies - civilians and military,” wherever they may be. Subsequently, Al Qaeda escalated its war against the U.S. In August 1998, Al Qaeda bombed two U.S. embassies in East Africa (Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) killing more than 200 people, including 12 Americans. In retaliation, the U.S. attacked targets in Sudan and Afghanistan. In October 2000, Al Qaeda bombed the U.S.S. Cole, an American guided-missile destroyer at Aden, Yemen, killing 17 American servicemen. It committed its most devastating attack on September 11, 2001, when 19 Al Qaeda operatives hijacked four passenger planes and drove two into the Twin Towers in New York City and one into the Pentagon; a fourth plane crashed in rural Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people were killed in the attack

Amul Funny Pics

2009-06-24T02:34:00.000-07:00

Ethernet Cable - Color Coding Diagram

2009-06-20T11:48:00.000-07:00

The information listed here is to assist Network Administrators in the color coding of Ethernet cables. Please be aware that modifying Ethernet cables improperly may cause loss of network connectivity. Use this information at your own risk, and insure all connectors and cables are modified in accordance with standards. The Internet Centre and its affiliates cannot be held liable for the use of this information in whole or in part.
T-568A Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

The TIA/EIA 568-A standard which was ratified in 1995, was replaced by the TIA/EIA 568-B standard in 2002 and has been updated since. Both standards define the T-568A and T-568B pin-outs for using Unshielded Twisted Pair cable and RJ-45 connectors for Ethernet connectivity. The standards and pin-out specification appear to be related and interchangeable, but are not the same and should not be used interchangeably.
T-568B Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

Both the T-568A and the T-568B standard Straight-Through cables are used most often as patch cords for your Ethernet connections. If you require a cable to connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or when you connect two hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.
RJ-45 Crossover Ethernet Cable

A good way of remembering how to wire a Crossover Ethernet cable is to wire one end using the T-568A standard and the other end using the T-568B standard. Another way of remembering the color coding is to simply switch the Green set of wires in place with the Orange set of wires. Specifically, switch the solid Green (G) with the solid Orange, and switch the green/white with the orange/white.
Ethernet Cable Instructions:
Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut. If you are pulling cables through holes, its easier to attach the RJ-45 plugs after the cable is pulled. The total length of wire segments between a PC and a hub or between two PC's cannot exceed 100 Meters (328 feet) for 100BASE-TX and 300 Meters for 10BASE-T.
Start on one end and strip the cable jacket off (about 1") using a stripper or a knife. Be extra careful not to nick the wires, otherwise you will need to start over.
Spread, untwist the pairs, and arrange the wires in the order of the desired cable end. Flatten the end between your thumb and forefinger. Trim the ends of the wires so they are even with one another, leaving only 1/2" in wire length. If it is longer than 1/2" it will be out-of-spec and susceptible to crosstalk. Flatten and insure there are no spaces between wires.
Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from you. Push the wires firmly into the plug. Inspect each wire is flat even at the front of the plug. Check the order of the wires. Double check again. Check that the jacket is fitted right against the stop of the plug. Carefully hold the wire and firmly crimp the RJ-45 with the crimper.
Check the color orientation, check that the crimped connection is not about to come apart, and check to see if the wires are flat against the front of the plug. If even one of these are incorrect, you will have to start over. Test the Ethernet cable.
Ethernet Cable Tips:
A straight-thru cable has identical ends.
A crossover cable has different ends.
A straight-thru is used as a patch cord in Ethernet connections.
A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices without a hub or for connecting two hubs.
A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires switched with the Green set.
Odd numbered pins are always striped, even numbered pins are always solid colored.
Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from you, Brown is always on the right, and pin 1 is on the left.
No more than 1/2" of the Ethernet cable should be untwisted otherwise it will be susceptible to crosstalk.
Do not deform, do not bend, do not stretch, do not staple, do not run parallel with power cables, and do not run Ethernet cables near noise inducing components.
Basic Theory:

By looking at a T-568A UTP Ethernet straight-thru cable and an Ethernet crossover cable with a T-568B end, we see that the TX (transmitter) pins are connected to the corresponding RX (receiver) pins, plus to plus and minus to minus. You can also see that both the blue and brown wire pairs on pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used in either standard. What you may not realize is that, these same pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used or required in 100BASE-TX as well. So why bother using these wires, well for one thing its simply easier to make a connection with all the wires grouped together. Otherwise you'll be spending time trying to fit those tiny little wires into each of the corresponding holes in the RJ-45 connector.

How does satellite Internet operate?

2009-06-20T11:26:00.000-07:00

How do you access the Internet other than dial-up if you live too far from a phone company office for DSL and there is no cable TV on your street? Satellite Internet access may be worth considering. It's ideal for rural Internet users who want broadband access. Satellite Internet does not use telephone lines or cable systems, but instead uses a satellite dish for two-way (upload and download) data communications. Upload speed is about one-tenth of the 500 kbps download speed. Cable and DSL have higher download speeds, but satellite systems are about 10 times faster than a normal modem.

Firms that offer or plan to offer two-way satellite Internet include StarBand, Pegasus Express, Teledesic and Tachyon. Tachyon service is available today in the United States, Western Europe and Mexico. Pegasus Express is the two-way version of DirecPC.

Two-way satellite Internet consists of:

Approximately a two-foot by three-foot dish
Two modems (uplink and downlink)
Coaxial cables between dish and modem
The key installation planning requirement is a clear view to the south, since the orbiting satellites are over the equator area. And, like satellite TV, trees and heavy rains can affect reception of the Internet signals.

Two-way satellite Internet uses Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting technology, which means up to 5,000 channels of communication can simultaneously be served by a single satellite. IP multicasting sends data from one point to many points (at the same time) by sending data in compressed format. Compression reduces the size of the data and the bandwidth. Usual dial-up land-based terrestrial systems have bandwidth limitations that prevent multicasting of this magnitude.

Graphic courtesy of StarBand
StarBand's System
Some satellite-Internet service still requires you to have a dial-up or cable modem connection for the data you send to the Internet. The satellite data downlink is just like the usual terrestrial link, except the satellite transmits the data to your computer via the same dish that would allow you to receive a Pay-Per-View television program.

So, if you are in a rural area and you want broadband access to the Internet, satellite Internet may be for you!

Kambakkht Ishq Music Download

2009-06-16T11:21:00.000-07:00

Bebo (Club Mix)
Bebo
Kambakkht Ishq
Kambakkht Ishq (Remixed)
Kyun
Kyun (PartII)
Lakh Lakh
Lakh Lakh (Electro Dhol House Mix)
Om Mangalam
Om Mangalam (Reprised)
Welcome To Hollywood

Hiroshima- 60 years later

2009-06-15T12:40:00.000-07:00

The Story of Hiroshima
On August 6, 1945, an American B-29 bomber named the Enola Gay left the island of Tinian for Hiroshima, Japan. This section recounts the first atomic bombing.

THE TEST

At 5:29:45 a.m., July 16, 1945, a blinding flash and unbelievable heat seared the New Mexico desert—the world's first nuclear explosion. Code-named Trinity, the Manhattan Project's test of the plutonium implosion bomb was a stunning success. The explosion almost equaled 20,000 tons of TNT, many times what some had expected. General Groves and his Project leaders were jubilant and relieved. But for some, the spectacle also cast an ominous shadow. Los Alamos scientific director Dr. Robert Oppenheimer later said he thought of the lines from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita, I am become Death, Destroyer of Worlds.

DESIGNS OF TWO BOMBS

The Manhattan Project produced two different types of atomic bombs, code-named Fat Man andLittle Boy. Fat Man, which was dropped on Nagasaki, was the more complex of the two. A bulbous, 10-ft. bomb containing a sphere of the metal plutonium 239, it was surrounded by blocks of high explosives that were designed to produce a highly accurate and symmetrical implosion. This would compress the plutonium sphere to a critical density and set off a nuclear chain-reaction. Scientists at Los Alamos were not entirely confident in the in the plutonium bomb design, so they scheduled the Trinity test.

The Little Boy type of bomb, which was dropped on Hiroshima, had a much simpler design than the Fat Man model that had been tested at Trinity. Little Boy triggered a nuclear explosion, rather than implosion, by firing one piece of uranium 235 into another. When enough U235 is brought together, the resulting fission chain reaction can produce a nuclear explosion. But the critical mass must be assembled very rapidly; otherwise, the heat released at the start of the reaction will blow the fuel apart before most of it is consumed. To prevent this inefficient pre-detonation, the uranium bomb uses a gun to fire one piece of U235 down the barrel into another. The bomb’s gun-barrel shape was believed to be unquestionably reliable and had never been tested. In fact, testing was out of the question since producing Little Boy had used all of the purified U235 produced to date; therefore, no other bomb like it has ever been built.
Detonated by a mechanism that resembled a cannon, Little Boy had a muzzle or target that was a hollowed-out subcritical mass of uranium. The cannon ball was another subcritical mass of uranium, which fit perfectly into the hollow of the target as a plug. The plug was propelled down the cannon barrel by several thousand pounds of high explosive. When it hit, the combination of compression and increased mass pushed the uranium to the supercritical level and the bomb went off.

FINAL PREPARATIONS
Little Boy was ready for delivery by July 31. On August 2, Hiroshima was specified as the primary target, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternates. The raid was set for August 6.
While plans for the invasion of Japan were going ahead, preparations were also being made for the use of the atomic bomb. Target recommendations were made by the Target Committee. Among its primary concerns was showing off the bomb’s power to the maximum effect. By the end of May 1945, the Committee selected, in order of priority, Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kokura and Niigata. The Army Air Forces were ordered not to firebomb these cities.

WHY HIROSHIMA?
Hiroshima was chosen as the primary target since it had remained largely untouched by bombing raids, and the bomb's effects could be clearly measured. While President Truman had hoped for a purely military target, some advisers believed that bombing an urban area might break the fighting will of the Japanese people. Hiroshima was a major port and a military headquarters, and therefore a strategic target. Also, visual bombing, rather than radar, would be used so that photographs of the damage could be taken. Since Hiroshima had not been seriously harmed by bombing raids, these photographs could present a fairly clear picture of the bomb's damage.

UNEXPECTED OPPOSITION
Before Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima, Leo Szilard at Met Lab in Chicago tried to stop its use. Ironically, Szilard had led atomic bomb research in 1939, but since the threat of a German bomb was over, he started a petition to President Truman against bombing Japan. With 88 signatures on the petition, Szilard circulated copies in Chicago and Oak Ridge, only to have the petition quashed at Los Alamos by theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.
When General Leslie Groves learned of the petition, he polled the Met Lab scientists and learned that only 15 percent wanted the bomb used "in the most effective military manner." While 46 percent voted for "military demonstration in Japan to be followed by a new opportunity for surrender before full use of the weapon is employed," somehow the figures were manipulated to suggest that 87 percent of the Met Lab scientists favored some sort of military use. Ultimately, Groves sat on Szilard's petition and the poll until August 1, and then had them filed away. President Truman never saw them.

DELIVERING LITTLE BOY
At approximately 2:00 a.m. on August 6, 1945, a modified American B-29 Superfortress bomber named the Enola Gay left the island of Tinian for Hiroshima, Japan. This mission was piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, commanding officer of the 509th Composite Group, who named the bomber after his mother. The four-engine plane, followed by two observation planes carrying cameras and scientific instruments, was one of seven making the trip to Hiroshima, but only the Enola Gay was carrying a bomb—a bomb that was expected to knock out almost everything within a 3-mile (5-kilometer) area. Measuring over 10 feet (3 meters) long and almost 30 inches (75 centimeters) across, it weighed close to 5 tons (4.5 tonnes) and had the explosive force of 20,000 tons (18,000 tonnes) of TNT.

The Enola Gay weaponeer, Navy Capt. Deak Parsons, was concerned about taking off with Little Boy fully assembled and live. Some heavily loaded B-29s had crashed on takeoff from Tinian. If that happened to the Enola Gay, the bomb might explode and wipe out half the island. Thus, Parsons, assisted by Lt. Morris Jeppson, finished the assembly and armed the bomb in the bomb bay after takeoff.
After 6:00, the bomb was fully armed on board the Enola Gay. Tibbets announced to the crew that the plane was carrying the world's first atomic bomb. By 7:00, the Japanese radar net detected aircraft heading toward Japan, and the alert was broadcast throughout the Hiroshima area. Soon afterward, a weather plane circled over the city, but there was no sign of bombers. The people began their daily work and thought the danger had passed.
At 7:25, the Enola Gay was cruising over Hiroshima at 26,000 feet. By 8:00, Japanese radar again detected B-29s heading toward the city. Radio stations broadcast another warning for people to take shelter, but many ignored it. At 8:09, the crew of the Enola Gay could see the city appear below and received a message indicating that the weather was good over Hiroshima.

THE BOMB EXPLODES

A T-shaped bridge at the junction of the Honkawa and Motoyasu rivers near downtown Hiroshima was the target. At 8:15 a.m., Little Boy exploded, instantly killing 80,000 to 140,000 people and seriously injuring 100,000 more. The bomb exploded some 1,900 feet above the center of the city, over Shima Surgical Hospital, some 70 yards southeast of the Industrial Promotional Hall (now known as the Atomic Bomb Dome). Crewmembers of the Enola Gay saw a column of smoke rising fast and intense fires springing up. The burst temperature was estimated to reach over a million degrees Celsius, which ignited the surrounding air, forming a fireball some 840 feet in diameter. Eyewitnesses more than 5 miles away said its brightness exceeded the sun tenfold.

IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH
In less than one second, the fireball had expanded to 900 feet. The blast wave shattered windows for a distance of ten miles and was felt as far away as 37 miles. Over two-thirds of Hiroshima's buildings were demolished. The hundreds of fires, ignited by the thermal pulse, combined to produce a firestorm that had incinerated everything within about 4.4 miles of ground zero.

To the crew of the Enola Gay, Hiroshima had disappeared under a thick, churning foam of flames and smoke. The co-pilot, Captain Richard Lewis, commented, "My God, what have we done?"

About 30 minutes after the explosion, a heavy rain began falling in areas to the northwest of the city. This "black rain" was full of dirt, dust, soot and highly radioactive particles that were sucked up into the air at the time of the explosion and during the fire. It caused contamination even in areas that were remote from the explosion.

INSTANT CONFUSION
Radio stations went off the air, and the main line telegraph had stopped working just north of Hiroshima. Chaotic reports of a horrific explosion came from several railway stops close to the city and were transmitted to the Headquarters of the Japanese General Staff. Military headquarters personnel tried to contact the Army Control Station in Hiroshima and were met with complete silence. The Japanese were puzzled. They knew that no large enemy raid could have occurred, and no sizeable store of explosives was in Hiroshima at that time, yet terrible rumors were starting.
A young officer of the Japanese General Staff was instructed to fly immediately to Hiroshima, to land, survey the damage and return to Tokyo with reliable information for the staff. Headquarters doubted that anything serious had occurred, but the rumors were building. When the staff officer in his plane was nearly 100 miles (160 km) from Hiroshima, he and his pilot noticed a huge cloud of smoke from the bomb. In the bright afternoon, the remains of Hiroshima were burning.

The plane soon reached the city and circled it. A great scar on the land was still burning, covered by a heavy cloud of smoke. They landed south of Hiroshima, and the staff officer immediately began to organize relief measures, after reporting to Tokyo

WHAT HAPPENED
Since communications between the Hiroshima and higher military and naval headquarters had been severed, initial news that something frightful had occurred at Hiroshima came into Tokyo from nearby towns. People reported to the navy's underground headquarters in Tokyo a "sinister cloud," an "enormous explosion," a "terrible flash," a "heavy roar." Reports were vague and created more puzzlement than alarm. Finally, from descriptions of the city's destruction, Japanese military began to realize that what happened may have been the result of an atomic bomb-a shock to them, since most thought the Americans' progress in nuclear bomb development to be still in the "scientific investigation" stage.
Truman's public announcement in Washington, D.C., 16 hours after the attack, was Tokyo's first knowledge of what had really happened to Hiroshima:
"Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima. It is an atomic bomb. We are now prepared to obliterate more rapidly and completely every productive enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city. If they do not now accept our terms they may expect a rain of ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth."

The Japanese immediately formed the "Atomic Bomb Countermeasure Committee," which was made up of members of the War, Navy, and Home ministries, and included Technical Board representatives. The committee's first meeting was held on August 7, at which time the latter group "strongly insisted that the bomb was not an atomic bomb." They maintained that even if the Americans had gone so far as to develop an atomic bomb, they wouldn't have brought "such unstable weapons as atomic devices to Japan, across the Pacific." They added, "We do not know what will happen in the future, but to date American technique is not that highly developed." Rather, they claimed, the explosion was the result of a "new type [of] bomb with special equipment, but its content is unknown." Japan's initial public announcement of the bomb did not include the word "atomic."
In the meantime, army and navy personnel had been sent to investigate Hiroshima. Initially, there was disbelief that the destruction was caused by an atomic bomb, but after viewing the degree and nature of the devastation and noting that it was different from that caused by conventional bombs, they knew that the United States had indeed perfected and used the atomic bomb. Japan was quite a bit behind in its own nuclear-bomb development.

PHYSICAL EFFECTS

The survivors, known as hibakusha, sought relief from their injuries. However, 90 percent of all medical personnel were killed or disabled, and the remaining medical supplies quickly ran out. Many survivors began to notice the effects of exposure to the bomb’s radiation. Their symptoms ranged from nausea, bleeding and loss of hair, to death. Flash burns, a susceptibility to leukemia, cataracts and malignant tumors were some of the other effects.

HIBAKUSHA STORIES
First-hand accounts from survivors best convey the bomb’s impact on Hiroshima’s people. The following "Voice of Hibakusha" eyewitness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima are from the program HIROSHIMA WITNESS produced by the Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK, the public broadcasting company of Japan.
Mr. Akihiro Takahashi was 14 years old, when the bomb was dropped. He was standing in line with other students of his junior high school, waiting for the morning meeting 1.4 km away from the center. He was under medical treatment for about year and half. And even today black nail grows at his finger tip, where a piece of glass was stuck.
The heat was tremendous . And I felt like my body was burning all over. For my burning body the cold water of the river was as precious as the treasure. Then I left the river, and I walked along the railroad tracks in the direction of my home. On the way, I ran into an another friend of mine, Tokujiro Hatta. I wondered why the soles of his feet were badly burnt. It was unthinkable to get burned there. But it was undeniable fact the soles were peeling and red muscle was exposed. Even I myself was terribly burnt, I could not go home ignoring him. I made him crawl using his arms and knees. Next, I made him stand on his heels and I supported him. We walked heading toward my home repeating the two methods. When we were resting because we were so exhausted, I found my grandfather's brother and his wife, in other words, great uncle and great aunt, coming toward us. That was quite coincidence. As you know, we have a proverb about meeting Buddha in Hell. My encounter with my relatives at that time was just like that. They seem to be the Buddha to me wandering in the living hell.
Eiko Taoka, then 21, was one of nearly 100 passengers said to have been on board a streetcar that had left Hiroshima Station at a little after 8:00 a.m. and was in a Hatchobori area, 750 m from ground zero, when the bomb fell. Taoka was heading for Funairi with her one year old son to secure wagon in preparation for her move out of the building which was to be evacuated. At 8:15, as the streetcar approached Hatchobori Station, an intense flash and blast engulfed the car, instantly setting it on fire. Taoka’s son died of radiation sickness on August 28. The survival of only ten people on the streetcar have been confirmed to date.
When we were near in Hatchobori and since I had been holding my son in my arms, the young woman in front of me said, ‘I will be getting off here. Please take this seat.’ We were just changing places when there was a strange smell and sound. It suddenly became dark and before I knew it, I had jumped outside.... I held [my son] firmly and looked down on him. He had been standing by the window and I think fragments of glass had pierced his head. His face was a mess because of the blood flowing from his head. But he looked at my face and smiled. His smile has remained glued in my memory. He did not comprehend what had happened. And so he looked at me and smiled at my face which was all bloody. I had plenty of milk which he drank all throughout that day. I think my child sucked the poison right out of my body. And soon after that he died. Yes, I think that he died for me.
Ms. Akiko Takakura was 20 years old when the bomb fell. She was in the Bank of Hiroshima, 300 meters away from the hypocenter. Ms. Takakura miraculously escaped death despite over 100 lacerated wounds on her back. She is one of the few survivors who was within 300 meters of the hypocenter. She now runs a kindergarten and she relates her experience of the atomic bombing to children.
Many people on the street were killed almost instantly. The fingertips of those dead bodies caught fire and the fire gradually spread over their entire bodies from their fingers. A light gray liquid dripped down their hands, scorching their fingers. I, I was so shocked to know that fingers and bodies could be burned and deformed like that. I just couldn't believe it. It was horrible. And looking at it, it was more than painful for me to think how the fingers were burned, hands and fingers that would hold babies or turn pages, they just, they just burned away. For a few years after the A-bomb was dropped, I was terribly afraid of fire. I wasn't even able to get close to fire because all my senses remembered how fearful and horrible the fire was, how hot the blaze was, and how hard it was to breathe the hot air. It was really hard to breathe. Maybe because the fire burned all the oxygen, I don't know. I could not open my eyes enough because of the smoke, which was everywhere. Not only me but everyone felt the same. And my parts were covered with holes.

HIROSHIMA TODAY
In 1958, the population of Hiroshima reached 410,000, finally exceeding what it was before the war. It is currently a major urban center with a population of 1.12 million people. Major industries in Hiroshima today are machinery, automotive (Mazda) and food processing. Interestingly enough, one quarter of Hiroshima's electricity is from nuclear power.
Rebuilding efforts over the decades have been fruitful. As early as 1979, the difference between Hiroshima in the immediate aftermath and what it had become was remarkable:
"In today’s Hiroshima, bustling shopping centers line covered pedestrian malls and major department stores feature a range of merchandise almost as great as their Tokyo counterparts," wrote John Spragens Jr., a staff writer for the Corsicana (Texas) Daily Sun, in an article published on August 29, 1979 .
The downtown streets of Hiroshima are now lined with high-rise buildings, and the park is green again. Every year on August 6, the day the bomb was dropped, Hiroshima holds a ceremony in Peace Memorial Park, where the mayor reads his annual Peace Declaration. Determined to fulfill its mission as an international peace culture city, Hiroshima strives to rid the world of nuclear weapons.
The hibakusha who are still alive are becoming quite elderly, averaging over 70 years old. Sadly, some are confined to hospitals due to aftereffects, and many live in fear, wondering when the radiation might strike again. Although it is painful for them to tell their stories, many hibakusha are willing to do so in order to help the next generation understand the importance of peace.

Bappi's My love music Download

2009-06-14T02:22:00.000-07:00

Dil Ke Panno Pe
My Love (Remix)
My Love
Naghma Ho Tum
Phoolon Se Poochha
Pyar Kiya Hai
Roshni
Roshni (2)

Kirkit music Download

2009-06-14T02:17:00.000-07:00

Aap Jaisa Koi

Aap Jaisa Koi Part II

Kissan Movie Download

2009-06-14T02:15:00.001-07:00

Humko Rehna Hai

Jhoomo Re Jhoomo

Neeche Saari Duniya

Punjabi Munde (Remix)

Punjabi Munde

Waqt Ki Dhoop

Jashn Music Download

2009-06-14T02:11:00.000-07:00

Aaya Re
Aish Karle
Dard-E-Tanhai (Kilogram Mix)
Dard-E-Tanhai
Main Chala (Unplugged)
Main Chala
Nazrein Karam (Kilogram Mix)
Nazrein Karam
Tere Bin

Let's Dance Music Download

2009-06-14T02:00:00.000-07:00

Aftab & Suhani Competition (Instrumental)

Audition (Instrumental)

Audition (Instrumental II)

Dance Class (Instrumental)

Kids Audition (Instrumental)

Kids Performance (Instrumental)

Suhani Madness (Instrumental II)

Suhani Madness (Instrumental)

New York Music Download

2009-06-14T01:55:00.000-07:00

Funny Pics

2009-06-09T21:08:00.000-07:00

Aishwarya rai's passport

2009-06-08T11:38:00.000-07:00

Funny Images

2009-06-08T11:32:00.000-07:00

Project:Bernoulli Ball

2009-06-07T12:36:00.000-07:00

Bernoulli Ball

Introduction

You may have seen beachballs balancing on vacuum cleaner exhaust hoses. You can make a smaller version by balancing a ping-pong ball on the stream of air from a blow dryer.

The toy we will make in this section uses the same principles as the beachball and the ping-pong ball. A small ball of balsa wood floats on a stream of air you blow through a bent tube. The ball has a small wire hook stuck through it. The object of the game is to hook the ball on a hoop attached to the tube.

Instructions

The completed toy looks like this when made of clear plastic tubing.	The toy can be made of wood, with a large long hole drilled almost all the way through the length, and a smaller hole drilled near one end to meet the larger hole. In both versions, the idea is to make a tube that bends at a right angle, so the air coming from your mouth comes out vertically about six inches from your face. The hoop is a loop of wire (I used brass because it looks nice) formed by bending the wire in half around a broomstick and then twisting the ends to form the handle of the loop. This handle is inserted into a hole drilled near the far end of the tube. In the version shown in the photograph, I started with a clear plastic tube 1/2 inch in diameter. These can be found in hobby stores or hardware stores. I found mine in a specialty plastics store.
The far end of the tube is closed by a circle of plastic cut to fit the end of the tube and glued on.	A smaller clear plastic tube about an inch high and 1/8 inch diameter is glued to the larger tube 1/2 inch from the end. It is glued over a hole drilled in the larger tube. The ball is made of balsa wood, but any lightweight material will do, such as a hollow plastic ball, or smooth styrofoam. It is a little bigger than half an inch in diameter, although the diameter is not critical. A stiff wire hook is stuck throught the ball, so that about an inch and a half sticks out the bottom, and an inch sticks out the top. After bending the top into a hook, it is about a half inch above the ball. I made my hook out of stiff steel wire. It would be better to use something that doesn't rust, such as stainless steel, or brass. You can see the rust stains on the plastic tube in my version, caused by warm moist air. To operate the toy, place the straight wire of the ball in the upright tube as shown in the first photograph. Take a very deep breath (you'll need all you can get). Blow through the open end of the large tube hard enough to raise the ball up to the level of the hoop.
	The ball is now dancing around on top of the stream of air, and is very erratic. The trick is to control the height of the ball so when the hook is over the hoop, you can let the ball down gently, with the hook caught in the hoop. This is not easy, and usually takes several breaths. It is fun to watch the expressions on faces as people try to hook the loop on their last bit of air.

Why does it do that?

How can a ball can balance on a stream of air? How can an airplane wing keep an airplane from falling? How can a sailboat sail into the wind? To explain these things, we have come up with elaborate physics and mathematical models such as the Navier-Stokes equations, and the Bernoulli principle ( P₁+1/2pv²+pgy+P₂+1/2pv²+pgy ).

These models use concepts such as pressure, velocity, density, and viscosity. They are not simple to explain or understand. However, all of the concepts used in these complicated models can be explained by thinking of interactions of molecules.

To explain what is happening with the balancing ball, it is useful to look at other, sometimes simpler experiments, and see what is going on there.

Some Simple Experiments

When you hold your hand out the window of a moving car, you can make the wind lift your hand by tilting your hand at an angle to the wind. Notice that the force you feel that lifts your hand seems to press on the bottom of your hand. If there is any force acting on the top of your hand trying to suck it upwards, it is definitely smaller than the force on the bottom of your hand pushing it upwards. [Try sucking on the back of your hand using your mouth. It is easy to detect even small amounts of suction. The amount needed to lift your hand would definitely be noticed.]

It is easy to picture the molecules of air hitting the bottom of your hand and lifting it up. It is also easy to determine that the air that is hitting your hand is bouncing off your hand and going downwards. You can hold your hand in such a way as to make the air bounce off your hand and hit your face. When you do this, your hand is pushed in a direction away from your face.

Whichever way your hand directs the air, the air pushes your hand in the opposite direction. The amount of force your hand feels depends on the amount of air that is pushed in the opposite direction. If you hold something larger than your hand out the window of the car, you will feel a larger force, since more air is being moved. The amount of force your hand feels also depends on the speed of the car. The faster the wind, the larger the force. Lastly, the density of the air affects the force you feel. If you put your hand in the water when you travel by boat, you feel a much larger force, even if the boat is going much slower than the car.

Lift and Drag

Notice that you feel the largest lifting force on your hand when it is held at a 45 degree angle. This angle causes the wind to bounce off your hand straight down. But you also feel a force pushing your hand backwards, away from the direction of travel. This is because you are stopping the air molecules from travelling backward, and are making them go down instead. The backward force you feel is equal to the upward force.

The backward force (the force resisting forward motion) is called drag, and it is easy to see that we cannot get lift without drag. We cannot change the direction of the wind without feeling its resistance to change.

There is another type of drag that is important to understanding how the ball balances on the stream of air, or how airplanes fly, or how sailboats sail into the wind.

Let's look again at your hand moving through water. If your hand moves very slowly, it will not stir up the water very much behind it. If you move your hand more quickly, you will see little whirlpools form behind your hand. It takes force to cause all this water motion, and that force is felt as added resistance to the movement of your hand. If we could somehow streamline your hand to get the most movement of water in the direction we want, while causing the least stirring up of the water, we would have less drag for a given lift, and we would have a more efficient wing, or propeller, or sail.

Viscosity and Drag

In water, we have to move very slowly to avoid causing whirlpools (also known as vortices). In air, we can move a little faster without stirring up the air in the same way (we can see this if we use smoke to make the vortices visible). In a jar of honey, we have to move very slowly. The difference is viscosity.

Viscosity is a property of fluids (like air or water). It is the ability of the fluid to resist changes in its shape that do not change its volume.

Viscosity is caused by interactions between the molecules of the fluid. It is the transfer of momentum from one part of the fluid to another part.

In a gas like air, viscosity is caused almost entirely by collisions between molecules. The faster the molecules are moving, the more effective is the transfer of momentum. In a hot gas, the molecules are moving faster than in a cold gas, so the viscosity is higher. A small part of viscosity in air is caused by attractive forces between molecules. These forces are much larger in water and honey, and play a bigger part there. These forces are called Van Der Waals forces. In air these forces are small enough to ignore when explaining lift and drag.
It is useful to compare the momentum forces in a fluid to the viscous forces. The ratio of the two is called the Reynolds number. It is defined as the density times the velocity times the length (width of your hand) all divided by the viscosity.

If the viscosity is low, like it is in air, or the speed is slow, then your hand does not transfer momemtum to very much air. Almost all of the momentum that is transfered goes into moving the air downwards, and very little goes into stirring it up. As the speed increases, or the viscosity increases, then more of the momentum is transfered to the air above, below, and behind your hand, and is wasted as extra drag.

Curved surfaces and the Coanda effect

If we limit the angle that the fluid has to turn as it passes the wing, then we can limit the rotation of the fluid. The fluid won't spin around as much if we don't kick it very much. If we put a cylinder in the water, we will see a lot of vortices created as it moves. If we shape it like a fish or a teardrop, where the trailing edge gradually tapers to a point, then the water does not have to turn as sharply, and so it does not spin as much, and smaller vortices are produced.

Now we can see why some wings are curved on the top. By gradually letting the air fill the empty space behind the wing, we limit the amount of spin we impart to the vortices. This limits the drag on the wing.

The tendency of a fluid to follow a curved surface is called the Coanda effect.

Notice what is happening in the following photograph of smoke pulses flowing over an airplane wing. The air slows down as it gets close to the wing. The Bernoulli principle says that this slower moving air will appear to the wing to have a higher pressure that faster moving air. What keeps this high pressure from pushing the wing down is the fact that it happens on the bottom of the wing as well, and is balanced.

Note also that the air does not speed up as it moves over the curved top of the wing, but it does slow down as it encounters the tilted bottom of the wing. We can measure the pressures on the top of the wing and on the bottom, and the difference is lift. We get the same value for lift whether we look at the mass of air moving downwards, or the pressure difference between the top of the wing and the bottom, because they are two different ways of looking at the same thing.

Notice that the viscosity of the fluid causes it to follow the shape of the wing. In a gas, the viscosity is the result of collisions between molecules. The molecules above the wing are constantly bumping into one another. As the wing sweeps away the molecules in front of it and pushes them downwards, it leaves an empty space behind it. The air above this empty space expands into it, due to the collisions of the molecules.

Picture the wing as having two springs attached to it, one pushing down on the top of the wing, and one pushing up on the bottom of the wing. If we move the wing down, we compress the bottom spring, and the top spring expands because we are no longer pushing on it as hard as we were before. The springs are the air molecules bouncing against the wing and each other. We are moving two masses of air in the downward direction. The air above the wing moves down as well as the air under the wing.

Before the wing moved the air, the air on the bottom was holding up the air on the top. In order to do this, there must have been a force pushing upwards. The wing moving through the air must not only accelerate the molecules in a downward direction, but it must overcome this upward force that is holding up the air above the wing. We can think of this upward force as helping to hold up the wing now instead of holding up the air above the wing. It thus adds to the lift on the wing. The air above the wing now falls into the empty space behind the wing. It also falls past the wing as the wing moves out of the way, and we can measure the amount of air that is moving down and see that it matches the lift on the wing as expected.

Back to Why the Ball Balances...

We are now finally ready to see why the ball balances on the stream of air.

To balance, the ball must see a force that tends to center it on the air stream when it strays. From our discussion above, we would expect to see two things happen if this force exists. We would see air moving in the opposite direction of the ball's motion. We would also expect to see a higher pressure on the side of the ball opposite the air stream, and a lower pressure on the side facing the air stream.

Picture the air stream grazing the ball on the left side. The curve of the ball s fairly gentle, and causes the air to follow the curve. As the air follows the curve, it moves away from the stream of air. If the air is moving away from the stream of air, whatever caused it to move (the ball) must feel a force towards the stream of air.

This air on the left side is moving faster than the air on the right side (which isn't moving). As the air moves past the ball, it sweeps aside air molecules that were moving towards the ball, and would have hit the ball if they had not been moved aside. The pressure on that side of the ball is thus lower.

On the right side of the ball the air is not moving, so the pressure has not changed. The pressure on the left is lower than the pressure on the right, so the ball moves towards the stream of air.

No matter which direction the ball is deflected, it is attracted to the center of the air stream, and stays balanced.

The Bernoulli principle states that the pressure the ball sees on the side towards the moving air is less than on the side where the air is still. This is why we call the toy the "Bernoulli Ball'. Notice that what actually moves the ball is the recoil of lots more tiny air molecules on the right side of the ball than on the left. We could call the toy the "Newton Ball", but that lacks alliteration. Looking at it another way, we see air moving away from the stream of air as it follows the curve of the ball. So we could also call the toy the "Coanda Ball", although I prefer to think of the Coanda effect as the result of lift, not the cause.

Home Based Science :Small motor

2009-06-07T12:31:00.000-07:00

Small Motor

The motor is simply a battery, a magnet, and a small coil of wire you make yourself. There is a secret to making it which is at the same time clever and delightfully simple.

What you will need:

A battery holder, such as Radio Shack #270-402 (holds a "C" cell) or #270-403 (holds a "D" cell).
A battery to fit the holder.
A magnet such as Radio Shack #64-1877, #64-1895, #64-1883, #64-1879, or #64-1888.
Some magnet wire such as Radio Shack #278-1345. We want enamel coated 22 gauge (or thicker) wire. We will only need about a yard of wire, so the Radio Shack package will make a dozen motors or more.
Some heavier wire such as Radio Shack #278-1217 or #278-1216. We want bare wire of 18 or 20 gauge, so we will be removing the plastic insulation from the wires listed above. We will need less than a foot of this wire per motor.

Instructions

We start by winding the armature, the part of the motor that moves. To make the armature nice and round, we wind it on a cylindrical coil form, such as a ball point pen or a small AAA battery. The diameter is not critical, but should be related to the wire size. Thin wire requires a small form, thick wire requires a larger form.

	Leaving a couple of inches of wire free at one end, wind 25 or 30 turns arounf the coil form. Don't try to be neat, a little randomness will help the bundle keep its shape better. The coil will end up looking like the photo on the left. Now carefully pull the coil off of the form, holding the wire so it doesn't spring out of shape.
	To make the coil hold its shape permanently, we will wrap each free end of the wire around the coil a couple of times, making sure that the new binding turns are exactly opposite each other, so the coil can turn easily on the axis formed by the two free ends of wire, like a wheel.
	It is not necessary, but I usually wrap a couple turns around these binding turns as well, threading the wire into the space between the large coil and the small coils that hold it together. This makes for a neat, tight package, as in the photo on the left.

If this method of holding the coil together is too difficult, feel free to use scotch tape or electrical tape to do the job. The important thing is to keep the coil together, and to have the two ends of the wire anchored well, and aligned in a straight line, so they form a good axle.

Now is where the secret trick comes in, the thing that makes the motor work. It is a secret trick because it is a small and subtle thing, and is very hard to see when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about motors may be puzzled until they examine it closely and find the secret.

Hold the coil at the edge of a table, so the coil is staight up and down (not flat on the table), and one of the free wire ends is lying flat on the table. With a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation from the free wire end. Be careful to leave the bottom half of the wire with the enamel insulation intact. The top half of the wire will be shiny bare copper, and the bottom half will be the color of the insulation.

Do the same thing to the other free wire end, making sure that the shiny bare copper side is facing up on both wire ends.

The idea behind the trick is that the armature is going to rest on two supports made of bare wire. These supports will be attached to each end of the battery, so electricity can flow from one support into the armature and back through the other support to the battery. But this will only happen when the bare half of the wire is facing down, touching the supports. When the bare copper half is facing up, the insulated half is touching the supports, and no current can flow.

The next step is to make the axle supports. These are simple loops of wire that hold up the armature and allow it to spin. They are made of bare wire, since they will also act to get electricity to the armature.

Take a stiff piece of bare wire (copper or brass will work, as will a straightened paper clip) and bend it around a small nail to make a loop in the middle, as shown in the photo on the left. Do the same to another wire, so you have two supports.

The base for this first motor will be the battery holder. It makes a nice base because it is heavy when the battery is installed (so the motor won't wobble) and because it has convenient holes in the plastic where we can attach the bare wire armature supports.

Attach the support wires securely to the battery holder by winding the free ends several times through the small holes in the plastic at each end. Bend the support wires so the rings are just far enough apart for the armature to spin freely. Bend them apart a little and insert the armature into both rings, then bend them back so they are close to the coil, but not touching it.

Insert the battery into the holder. Place the magnet on top of the battery holder just underneath the coil. Make sure the coil can still spin freely, and that it just misses the magnet.

Picture of finished motor

Note that there is a strip of paper stuck in between the battery and the electrical contact in the holder. This is the on/off switch. Remove the paper to allow electricity to flow into the motor, and replace the paper when you want to stop the motor and save the battery.

Spin the armature gently to get the motor started. If it doesn't start, try spinning it in the other direction. The motor will only spin in one direction.

If the motor still doesn't start, carefully check all the electrical connections. Is the battery connected so one support touches the positive end of the battery, and the other touches the negative end? Is the bare copper half of the armature wire touching the bare support wires at the bottom, and only at the bottom? Is the armature freely spinning?

If all these things are correct, your little motor should be spinning around at a pretty fast rate. Try holding it upside down. The motor should spin in the opposite direction if the magnet is on top instead of on the bottom. Try turning the magnet upside down and see which direction the motor spins. If you want a motor that has the magnet on the side instead of the top or bottom, you can simply make a new armature, but this time lay the coil flat on the table when you scrape the insulation off of the top half of the free wire ends.

First Heart Transplant

2009-06-07T12:23:00.000-07:00

Heart transplantation, or cardiac transplantation, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. The most common procedure is to take a working heart from a recently deceased organ donor (allograft) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart may either be removed (orthotopic procedure) or, less commonly, left in to support the donor heart (heterotopic procedure); both are controversial solutions to one of the most enduring human ailments. Post-operation survival periods now average 15 years.

Worldwide there are 3,500 heart transplants performed every year; about 800,000 people have a Class IV heart defect and need a new organ. This disparity has spurred considerable research into the use of non-human hearts since 1993. It is now possible to take a heart from another species (xenograft), or implant a man-made artificial one, although the outcome of these two procedures has been less successful in comparison to the far more commonly performed allografts. Engineers want to fix the remaining problems with the manufactured options in the next 15 years.

The first heart transplant involving a human was carried out by a team led by Dr James D. Hardy on the of 23 of January 1964 at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, when the heart of a chimpanzee was transplanted into the chest of a dying man. The heart beat for only 90 minutes before stopping. The procedure raised a series of ethical and moral questions, and received copious amounts of publicity. However, it also helped pave the way for human-to-human heart transplants.

The first human-to-human heart transplant was performed by cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard at Groote Schuur Hospital in South Africa on the 3^rd December, 1967 by a team led by Dr. Christiaan Barnard. The patient was Louis Washkansky of Cape Town, South Africa, who lived for 18 days after the procedure before dying of pneumonia. Barnard transplanted a healthy heart from a deceased patient, the donor, Denise Darvall, who was rendered brain dead in a car accident.

The first successful heart transplant in the United States was done at Stanford University by doctor Norman Shumway in January, 1968. Subsequently, another transplant was done at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Houston, Texas by Denton Cooley in June 1968. The donor was a teenage suicide victim (who had had an aortic coarctation repaired as a young child, also by Dr. Cooley) and the recipient, Mr. Thomas, had terminal severe cardiomyopathy. He survived 8 months before dying of rejection of the transplanted heart. A series of five subsequent heart transplants were done that month by Dr. Cooley followed by a number of transplants in Houston that year before the program was canceled, leaving only Norman Shumway at Stanford University doing heart transplants and research on the rejection phenomenon.

On 27 April 1968, French surgeon Christian Cabrol performed the first European heart transplantation in the Paris Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital. The patient was a 66 year old man, Clovis Roblain, who survived 53 hours before dying of a pulmonary embolism.

In 1984, at two years old, Elizabeth Craze became the youngest surviving heart transplant patient. Another followed shortly in 1988, when Kimberly Martinez received a heart transplant at the age of three months old from Stanford University. At one year old, she developed lymphoma which required the removal of three-fourths of her lung. She fully recovered and since 1989 has had no further problems.

The concept of heart transplantation dates back to at least 400 AD in China. The book of Liezi tells a story of Bian Que exchanging the hearts of two warriors to balance their personal characteristics.^[6]

gayatri Mantra Word By Word Meaning

2009-06-05T11:20:00.000-07:00

The Gayatri Mantra consists of twenty-four syllables - three lines of eight syllables each. The first line (Aum Bhur Bhuvah Swah) is considered an invocation, and is not technically a part of the original Gayatri Mantra as it appears in the Upanishads. Gayatri is also referred to as a Vedic poetic meter of 24 syllables or any hymn composed in this meter. Hence, there exists a whole family of Gayatri Mantras, which serve as meditative aids to pray for the blessings of a particular personal God. Aum Bhur Bhuvah Swah, Tat Savitur Varenyam
Bhargo Devasya Dhimahi, Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat
ॐ भूर्भुव: स्व: तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यं । भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि, धीयो यो न: प्रचोदयात् ।।

A basic translation can be given as...

Oh God, the Protector, the basis of all life, Who is self-existent, Who is free from all pains and Whose contact frees the soul from all troubles, Who pervades the Universe and sustains all, the Creator and Energizer of the whole Universe, the Giver of happiness, Who is worthy of acceptance, the most excellent, Who is Pure and the Purifier of all, let us embrace that very God, so that He may direct our mental faculties in the right direction.

The Four Parts of the Gayatri Mantra

Aum Bhur Bhuvah Swah (ॐ भूर्भुव: स्व:)

1. AUM (ॐ), the Supreme name of God. A full explanation of this has been given in a related article(http://www.eaglespace.com/spirit/aum_pranava.php).

BHUR BHUVAH SWAH. These three words collectively are known as the "Mahavyahriti". They express the nature of God, and demonstrate his inherent qualities.

2. BHUR (भूर्): Firstly, the word Bhur implies existence. God is self-existent and independent of all. He is eternal and unchanging. Without beginning and without end, God exists as a continuous, permanent, constant entity. Secondly, the word Bhur can also mean the Earth, on which we are born and sustained. God is the provider of all, and it is through His divine will that we our blessed with all that we require to maintain us through our lives. Finally, Bhur signifies Prana, or life (literally, breath). God is That which gives life to all. Whilst He is independent of all, all are dependent on Him. It is God who has given us life, God who maintains us throughout our lives, and God alone who has the ability to take away our life, when He so chooses. The only permanent entity, all others are subject to His own will

3. BHUVAH (भुव:): Bhuvah describes the absolute Consciousness of God. God is self-Conscious as well as being Conscious of all else, and thus is able to control and govern the Universe. Also, the word Bhuvah relates to God's relationship with the celestial world. It denotes God's greatness - greater than the sky and space, He is boundless and unlimited. Finally, Bhuvah is also indicative of God's role as the remover of all pain and sufferings (Apaana). We see pain and sorrow all around us. However, through supplication to God, we can be freed from that pain and hardship. God Himself is devoid of any pain. Though He is Conscious of all, and is thus aware of pain, it does not affect Him. It is our own ignorance that makes us susceptible to the effects of Maya, or illusion, which causes us to feel pain. Through true devotion to God, we can be freed from the clutches of Maya, and thus be rid of pain and sorrow.

4. SWAH (स्व:): Swah indicates the all-pervading nature of God. He is omnipresent and pervades the entire multi-formed Universe. Without Form Himself, He is able to manifest Himself through the medium of the physical world, and is thus present in each and every physical entity. In this way, God is able to interact with the Universe created by Him, and thus sustain and control it, ensuring its smooth and proper running and function.
Also, Swah symbolizes God's bliss. All but God experience pain, suffering and sorrow. Devoid of all such things, God alone is able to experience supreme bliss. Happiness as experienced by humans is temporary, a transient state of mental satisfaction, which soon dissolves back into the mire of worldly troubles. Perfect, and without any form of deficiency, God alone experiences true bliss, permanent and unaffected by worldly pains and woes. One who realizes God is able to join in this bliss, and thus God is able to impart true happiness to those who establish oneness with that Supreme Divinity.

The Mahavyahriti can be summed up by comparison to the word AUM itself, and through this comparison to the tripartite structure, can be compared to the essential nature of God, which differentiates Him from the other two entities recognized in that structure (namely, matter and soul), in the same way as the comparison between the three parts of the word Satchidananda, another name also used to describe God...

BHUR Prana Earth Sat Existence
BHUVAH Apana Sky Chit Consciousness
SWAH Vyana Heaven Ananda Bliss

TAT SAVITUR VARENYAM (तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यं)

5. TAT (तत् s.1): Literally, this word means "that", being used in Sanskrit to denote the third person. It is also mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita by Sri Krishna Himself, where He implies the selfless nature of the word. Being used in the third person, the word has implicit in it an idea of selflessness. Sri Krishna uses it to imply the selfless nature of charity (charity, or a gift, being used as an analogy for worship, in the form of action, implying that action should be preformed without regard to its fruits, but simply out of devotion and sense of duty, or Dharma). Tat then is used here in the Gayatri Mantra to indicate that the worshipper is referring to [that] God, and that the praise being offered to God in the prayer is purely directed towards Him, without thought of gaining any personal benefit from that praise.

6. SA-VI-TUR (सवितुर् s.2-4)

Savita, from which Savitur is derived, is another name of God, this being the reason that the Gayatri Mantra is often known as the Savitri Mantra. The implication of Savita is of God's status as the fountain, the source of all things. It is through His Divine Grace that the Universe exists, and so this word sums up the Mahavyahriti, by describing God's ability to create the Universe and sustain it, as well as, at the right time, bring about its dissolution.

Savita is also indicative of God's gift to mankind. Humans also have, in limited amount, the power, or shakti, of Savita. This shakti acts as an impetus in humans, and brings about the requirement for them to do something. They cannot sit idle, and are constantly searching for something to do. This is what is commonly known as the "creative urge". It is through this shakti that mankind has created art, and it is through this shakti also that scientific advances are made. The gift of Savita also gives creatures the ability of procreation. Hence, Savita can be thought of as meaning Father (or Mother) also.

Finally, it is the power of Savita that enables mankind to distinguish right from wrong, and vice from virtue. Through this ability, we are able to in some part direct our own selves, and thus, Savita imparts to us a certain self-guiding ability. Thus, by using this word in the mantra, we demonstrate that we are making efforts ourselves also, since God will not help us unless we are willing to help ourselves.

7. VA-RE-NY-AM (वरेण्यं s.5-8): Varenyam signifies our acceptance of God, and can be translated as meaning "Who is worthy". Ever ready to obtain all the material riches of the world, more often than not, they are a disappointment once they have been achieved. God however is the one who, once realized and achieved, has the ability to truly satisfy. We therefore accept Him as the Highest reality, and it is to Him that we dedicate our efforts.
Varenyam can also be interpreted as signifying one who is eligible. We have chosen Him to be our Leader and our Guide. We place our all into His hands, and accept Him regardless of anything else. We place no conditions on this acceptance, as it is all out of sheer devotion.; BHARGO DEVASYA DHIMAHI (भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि)

This triplet is a further description of the attributes and qualities of God - His functional and instrumental qualities, rather than intrinsic qualities - and through those qualities, His relationship to us.
8. BHAR-GO (भर्गो s.1,2): Bhargo is taken to signify the Glorious Light that is God's love and power. It indicates His complete purity - being absolutely pure Himself, God also has the ability to purify those that come into contact with Him. Thus, Bhargo is indicative of God's power to purify, and to destroy all sins and afflictions. In the same way as a metal ore placed into a fire will yield the pure metal, by merging with God, by realizing His Divine Form and establishing unity and oneness with Him, we can cleanse ourselves and be made pure by His Grace.
Though the soul, being itself Divine in nature, possesses that Light, it lacks luster, having been made impure by the sins and vices, which are a result of the darkness of Maya. By removing the veil of Maya, and cleansing our soul, God can enable the soul to realize its true, Divine self, and thus purify it.

9. DE-VAS-YA (देवस्य s.3-5)

The word Deva, from which this word is derived, has been translated by different people in many different ways. It is generally thought of as meaning simply "God". However, its meaning is more complex than that.

Deva, which forms the root of the words "Devata" and "Devi", means "quality" or "attribute", and can be thought of as another word for "Guna". Thus, the various forms of God are given this name, as each of those forms is related to a specific quality and function (for example, Brahma has the quality of Creation, Kamadeva has the quality of love, etc.). Also, Deva is thus used to describe anyone who is considered to possess a special quality.

Since Deva is symbolic of the individual qualities of God, the word demonstrates the inherent oneness of those different Forms, and thus the use of this word can be taken as describing the fundamental unity of God. Thus we see that here, we reaffirm that central belief in the Hindu Dharma that "Ekam sat viprah bahudah vadanti" (Truth, or God, is one, but wise men call Him/It by different names).

Thus, Deva is indicative of the various multifaceted entity that is the absolute Personality of God. It describes in one word all the functions, roles and different attributes of God, and symbolizes therefore his absolutely essential nature - without God, nothing can exist.

10. DHI-MA-HI (धीमहि s.6-8): Meaning to meditate and focus our mind on God. Meditation on God implies that we remove all other thoughts from our mind, since thoughts of the world render our mind impure, and thus we are unable to conceptualize the absolute purity of God. We must be able to concentrate, and direct our mental energies towards the task in hand - which is communion with God.

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DHIYO YO NAH PRACHODAYAT (धीयो यो न: प्रचोदयात्)

Prayer is carried out for four main reasons:

to praise and glorify God;
to thank God;
to ask forgiveness from God;
or to make a request from God.

Having carried out the other three parts (praise of His greatness, thanks for His generosity in Creation and maintaining us through our lives, and forgiveness by demonstrating our awareness of our own impurity, which we have realized is present and must be cleansed through contact with God), this part is now our request from God. Since our soul is the Light of Life within us, and that acts on our body via the medium of the brain, we ask God to make this contact pure and righteous. The soul is of course inherently pure, being itself Divine in nature. The body is under the complete control of the mind. The link is the mind, which is affected not only by the soul, but also the outside world. We ask in these four words that God help us to improve our intellect, and guide it towards what is right.

11. DHI-YO (धीयो s.1,2)

Sanskrit for "intellect", this is the essence of this part of the Gayatri Mantra. Having firmly set God in our hearts, we now must try to emphasize His presence and influence on our mind and intellect.

Material prosperity holds no true meaning for the person who is truly devoted to God. Pain and suffering are of no consequence to him as, touched by God, he is imbued with God's own Divine Bliss, and all worldly sorrows pale to nothingness in comparison. However, still the individual must live in the world. Thus, it is important that the person's intellect remains focussed on serving God, and that it is able, through the medium of the body, to serve God to the best of its ability.

Physical objects can be obtained very easily, if one is intelligent enough to know how to go about it. Intellect however cannot be obtained, but must be there from the very first. It is by use of this intellect, in fact, that one is able to cultivate all other qualities (building of wealth, "success" in life (in material terms), physical fitness, etc.) Thus, intellect is the key to all else in life, and as such, it is the most important possession. We ask God in the Gayatri Mantra to gift us with the highest intellect, and to help us by showing us the way to use that intellect.

12. YO (यो s.3): Meaning "Who" or "That", Yo signifies yet again that it is not to anyone else that we direct these prayers, but to God alone. Only God is worthy of the highest adoration, only God is perfect and free from all defects. It is That God to Whom we offer these prayers.

13. NAH (न: s.4): Nah means "Ours", and signifies the selflessness of the request we make of God in this part of the Gayatri Mantra. We offer this prayer, and make the request of God, not simply for ourselves, but for the whole of humanity. We seek the uplift of the whole of society. Hindu philosophy has since the beginning recognized the concept of "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" - "The whole world is one big family". Thus, we pray not only for ourselves, but for each and every member of that great family, that we may all benefit from the greatness and generosity of the All-loving God.

14. PRA-CHO-DA-YAT (प्रचोदयात् s.5-8): Prachodayat, the final word of the Gayatri Mantra, rounds off the whole mantra, and completes the request we make of God in this final part. This word is a request from God, in which we ask Him for Guidance, and Inspiration. We ask that, by showing us His Divine and Glorious Light (cf. BHARGO), He remove the darkness of Maya from our paths, that we are able to see the way, and in this manner, we ask Him to direct our energies in the right way, guiding us through the chaos of this world, to find sanctuary in the tranquility and peace of God Himself, the root of all Happiness, and the source of true Bliss.

Install Windows XP on ur Pre-Installed Windows VistaComputer

2009-06-03T12:13:00.000-07:00

Install Windows XP on ur Pre-Installed Windows VistaComputer The question most often many get is "How do I install a dual-boot with Windows XP on my new Windows Vista computer?" The answer is that it's not that difficult, it's just very time consuming, and you need to own a copy of Windows XP.

Note that you should not attempt this if you aren't ready to troubleshoot any problems that might occur.

The first issue we encounter is that computers with pre-installed operating systems take up the entire drive. Luckily Microsoft included the Shrink volume feature in Vista, so we can easily shrink the Vista partition down to make room for XP.

Open the Computer Management panel, which you can find under Administrative tools or by right-clicking the Computer item in the start menu and choosing Manage. Find the Disk Management item in the list and select that.

Now we'll shrink our volume down by right-clicking on the main hard drive and choosing Shrink Volume.

Now you can choose the size that you want to shrink, which really means you are choosing the size that you want your XP partition to be. Whatever you do, don't just use the default. I chose roughly 10gb by entering 10000 into the amount.

The next step might be confusing, because we need to change the cd-rom drive that's invariably taking up D: at the moment, because we want to use D: for the Windows XP partition, but it's already taken by the cd-rom drive. If you skip this step than XP will install onto the E: drive, which isn't the end of the world, but it's not quite as tidy.

Right-click on the cd-rom drive in the list and choose Change Drive Letter and Paths from the menu.

Now we'll change the CD drive to use E: by selecting that in the drop-down.

Now we can create a new partition for XP to live on and make sure that the drive letter is set the way we want. If you do not create a partition now the XP install will do so automatically, but it's easier and cleaner to do it this way.

Right-click on the Unallocated free space area and then select New Simple Volume from the menu.

Follow through the wizard and select whatever options you'd like, making sure to use D: as the drive letter.

Now you will need to close out of disk management and reboot your computer. This is because we can't do the next step until we reboot. (you can try, but it won't work)

So we've come back from rebooting open up Computer from the start menu and then right-click on the D: drive and select properties. Give your partition a meaningful name like "XP". It would be wise to name the C: drive to "Vista" at this point as well.

Now you'll want to pop your XP cd into the drive and boot off it. You may have to configure your BIOS to enable booting off the CD drive, or if your computer says something like "Hit Esc for boot menu" you might want to use that.

Once you come to the screen where you can choose the partition to install on, then choose either the unpartitioned space or the new partition you created. Whatever you do, don't try and install onto your Vista partition! See how much cleaner it is now that we've labeled each partition distinctly?

We'll assume XP is completely installed at this point, and you will have lost your ability to boot into Windows Vista, so we'll need to use the VistaBootPro utility to restore the Vista boot loader.

Download and install VistaBootPro from vistabootpro.org

During the install you'll be forced to install the .NET 2.0 framework. Open up VistaBootPRO and then click on the System Bootloader tab. Check the "Windows Vista Bootloader" and then "All Drives" radio buttons, and then click on the Install Bootloader button.

At this point, the Windows Vista bootloader is installed and you'll only be able to boot into Vista, but we'll fix that. Instead of manually doing the work, we'll just click the Diagnostics menu item and then choose Run Diagnostics from the menu.

This will scan your computer and then automatically fill in the XP version.. click on the "Manage OS Entries" tab and then click in the textbox for Rename OS Entry, and name it something useful like "Windows XP" or "The Windows That Works"

Click the Apply Updates button and then reboot your computer you should see your shiny new boot manager with both operating systems in the list!

If you get an error saying "unable to find ntldr" when trying to boot XP, you'll need to do the following:

* Find the hidden files ntldr and ntdetect.com in the root of your Vista drive and copy them to the root of your XP drive.
* If you can't find the files there, you can find them in the \i386\ folder on your XP install cd

There's more information on this forum thread, thanks to nrv1013

This is a critical piece of information: Windows XP will be installed on the D: drive, even in Windows XP so you'll need to keep that in mind when tweaking your system.

You can share information between the drives, but I wouldn't recommend messing with the other operating system's partition too much it might get angry and bite you. Or screw up your files. What I do recommend is that you store most of your files on a third drive shared between the operating systems you could call that partition "Data".

KASHMIR

2009-05-31T02:37:00.000-07:00

This land of beauty enjoyed peace for long periods but has had its share of conflict long before India and Pakistan took to arms over it

Kashmir was inhabited by the Brahmins when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries of Asoka in 274BC. By the 7th century the area was ruled by the Karkota dynasty. A succession of rule followed by the Utpalas, Tantrins, Yaskaras and Parva Gupta. By 1001 Muslim armies raided the area sporadically but never conquered it. The Gupta queen Didda ruled Kashmir in 1003 when the Lohara dynasty took over. The last Hindu king Udiana Deva, was replaced by Shams-ud-Din in 1346, whose dynasty ruled until 1586 when the Mughul (Persian for Mongol) emperor Akbar conquered Kashmir to firmly establish Muslim influence. Akbar was grandson of Babur, who had established the most influential of all the Muslim dynasties in India (in 1526). Akbar tolerated local religions and married a Hindu princess. (Akbar's grandson, Shah Jahn built the Taj Mahal.)

In 1752 Afghanistan leader Ahmed Shah Durrani defeated the Mughals and annexed Kashmir. Disputes between Muslims and Brahmin Hindus flared up, a situation that persisted and today is the prime cause of conflict in Kashmir.

Kashmir sold for $166
In 1819 Sikh Ranjit Singh conquered Kashmir, but his disorganised empire fell to the British in 1846 when they took control of Punjab. Kashmir was then sold to the self-entitled Maharajah (Indian King) Ghulab Singh of Jammu for 7.5 million rupees (app US$166) under the Treaty of Amritsar. Ghulab Singh also brought Ladakh, Zanskar, Gilgit and Baltistan under his control. A succession of Maharajahs followed, marked by several uprisings by the Kashmiri people, of whom a large percentage was now Muslim. In 1889 Maharajah Pratap Singh lost administrative authority of Kashmir due to worsening management of the frontier region. The British restored full powers to the Dogra rule only in 1921.

Meanwhile in India, the freedom movement gained strength under Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's leadership. (The Indians gave him the name "Mahatma" meaning "Great soul".) The call for freedom soon echoed in several princely states, particularly Kashmir. After a mass uprising against Hari Singh in 1931, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah formed Kashmir's first political party, the All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference in 1932. In 1934 the Maharajah gave way and allowed limited democracy in the form of a Legislative Assembly. The Muslim high priest of the Kashmir Valley, Mirwaiz Maulvi Yusuf Shah, joined in the Conference rally, but when it became apparent that he was accepting a monthly stipend from the Maharajah, Sheikh Abdullah steered away from the Muslim Conference to a secular base and formed the National Conference in 1939, comprising Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.

Independence for 72 days
In 1947, Muhatmah Ghandi led the Indian continent to independence from the British in a remarkable display of perseverance. But it came at great cost. While Gandhi was leading a largely Hindu movement, Mohammed Ali Jinnah was fronting a Muslim one. Jinnah advocated the division of India into two separate states, Muslim and Hindu. When the British left, the Muslim League created the separate states of Pakistan (from the West Pakistan province in India) and Bangladesh. Violence erupted when Muslims and Hindu minorities were stranded in various areas, and within a few weeks half a million people had died. The ageing Gandhi vowed to fast until the violence stopped, which it did when his health was seriously threatened. At the same time, the British returned to help restore order. The area reached stability, except for Kashmir.

During the time of partition of India in 1947, Jammu & Kashmir was one of some 560 Princely States, which were not part of the territories under British rule but owed suzerainty to the British Crown. The rulers of these states were given the choice to freely join either India or Pakistan, or to remain independent. On 19 July 1947 the Muslim Conference gave their verdict against India, opting for independence. But they were not representative of all the people, in particular lacking Hindi support. By 15 August deadline, Maharajah Hari Singh hesitated, and by default the State of Jammu & Kashmir became independent.

By this time, Jammu & Kashmir was a divided state, with friction between the Muslims and the Hindi. The Maharajah, fearing tribal warfare, then agreed to join India through an Instrument of Accession on 26th October 1947. Since, this Instrument of Accession has remained an issue of dispute between India and Pakistan, the latter disputing the validity of the documents, also pointing out that India has never allowed the referendum that the Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, called for on 27th October 1947.

The highest battlefield on earth, at 2100m (7000ft) on the Himalayan ridge. Of the population of 12 million, 3 million live in the Pakistan area. 60% are Muslims, others being Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists.

The actions of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who became the founder of Pakistan, added to the misery of the area. According to the autobiography of Sheikh Abdullah, when a National Conference activist, Ali Mohammad Tariq, asked Jinnah soon after the partition of the Indian continent whether the future of Kashmir would be decided by the people of Kashmir, he was stunned by Jinnah's riposte: "Let the people go to hell." Pakistan cut off supplies of essential commodities such as salt and petrol to Jammu & Kashmir; it also stopped its supply of currency notes and small coins to the Imperial Bank in Kashmir. Since the roads joining Kashmir to the rest of India ran through Pakistan, things became more critical despite the protest lodged by the Maharaja, who by now enjoyed the support of Sheikh Abdullah for succession to India.

To back Muslim supporters of accession to Pakistan, Jinnah allowed tribal hordes from the North West Frontier Province to browbeat Kashmir. For three days the Kashmiris fell victim to massive plunder, rioting and rape, prompting India to send troops into the Kashmir. When the Indian troops landed at Srinagar (capital of Kashmir) airfield at 9.00am on 27 October 1947, Pakistan had invaded one third of Kashmir, and heavy fighting continued throughout 1948. The ceasefire of 1st January 1949 created the first Line-of-Control in Jammu & Kashmir, separating the area: the east (the valley of Kashmir, Jammu and Ladakh) guarded by Indian troops, the west (known as 'Azad [Free] Kashmir'), administered by Pakistan. The UN has maintained a presence in the disputed area since 1949.

The war continuous
In 1957 the State of Jammu & Kashmir was incorporated into the Indian Union under a new Constitution. In 1965, heavy fighting broke out again, with India capturing the valley between the Dras and Suru rivers. They returned the area per agreement with Pakistan, but recaptured it when civil war broke out in East Pakistan in 1971.

In 1987, The Muslim United Front was formed and lobbied and won the right to hold elections in Kashmir in 1989. Only a small percentage of people turned out for the voting, putting the National Conference in power. The leader of the party, Dr. Farooq Abdullah, a Muslim, invited secessionist leaders to the table, but to no avail. By the end of that year there was a renewed struggle for the freedom of Kashmir. The number of armed separatists grew from hundreds to thousands, the most prominent being the pro-Pakistani Hizbul-Mujahideen. The Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) was the largest pro-independence group, but its influence is thought to have waned. Other groups have joined under the umbrella of the Hurriyat (Freedom) Conference, which campaigns peacefully for an end to India's presence in Kashmir.

Kashmir has often been referred to as heaven on earth. The heart of the area is the fertile Vale of Kashmir (The Valley), which lies between the Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range, making it a militarily strategic area. Kashmir covers an area of 222,237 SqKm.

India dissolved the state government and placed the state in direct control of the governor. From January 26, 1990 onward, Kashmiris faced almost continuous curfew for 8 months as martial law was imposed. More than half-a-million Indian troops patrol Kashmir.

In May 1999, attacks by Pakistan-backed Muslim insurgents prompted India's response Kargil, Dras and Batalik, three sectors whose heights command positions threatening the vital highway between Srinagar and Ladakh. Situated in a valley between the Dras and Suru rivers and dominated by mountains on all sides, Ladakh lies at an altitude of about 2100m (7000ft), making it the highest battlefield on earth.

Dangerous situation
Pakistan had hoped that the fighters would raise sympathy with the locals and international pressure on India. But Western governments demanded Pakistan to withdraw. India moved quickly to curb the insurgents, securing strategic points along the valey ridge. The cost was high though, with more Indian troops killed than in the 1971 war. Pakistan then turned to their old ally China, but Beijing refused to take sides this time.

The risks of war in Kashmir are frightening. Apart from the severe economic cost on all parties involved, India and Pakistan are tied in a race of nuclear capabilities. With China as neighbour and still in dispute over land matters with India, and Pakistan having seceded a part of Kashmir to China earlier, the lives of millions of people hang in the balance.

When the subcontinent was divided in 1947, Mahatma Gandhi proclaimed that Kashmir stood out of the circle of holocaust as a "shining example" of "secularism". Today, both the Indian and Pakistan governments toss words such as "ethnic cleansing" at each other, yet both India and Pakistan still reject independence for Kashmir. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have pointed out human rights abuses on both sides.

What do you fear?

2009-05-31T02:28:00.000-07:00

What do people fear most? At the top of the list is death, the fear of which is necrophobia. Second, apparently, is the fear of failure, which is called kakorrhaphiophobia. There is of course a story of how fears developed, like fear for the number 13. The fear of Friday the 13th is called paraskavedekatriaphobia.

In pagan times Friday was the luckiest day of the week because it was ruled by the planet Venus, the symbol of love and fortune. In fact, Friday is named in honour of Freya, goddess of Love. But for Christians, Friday has not been a good day. Adam and Eve is said to have eaten the forbidden fruit on a Friday and died on a Friday. Jesus was crucified on a Friday.

For centuries sailors refused to set sail on a Friday. It is told that when the reluctance of seamen to set sail on a Friday had reached such proportions that it interfered with naval operations, the British Admiralty decided to prove once and for all that it is a fallacy. They laid the keel of a new vessel on a Friday, named her H.M.S. Friday, and launched her on a Friday. On her first voyage, setting sail on a Friday, she was commanded by Captain James Friday. She left the harbour and nothing has since been heard of her or her crew. The identical story has also found its place in American lore.

The fear for traveling on a Friday continued until the early 20th century where in Europe bus and train travel was lowest on a Friday. But before you say "Thank Goodness, it's Friday!" consider that today, FBI statistics show, most robberies take place on a Friday.

The number 13

It is believed that the fear for the number 13 stems from primitive man being unable to count past 12. Numbers beyond 12 do now have an individual and independent name but are a combination of the first 12 numbers. With 12 being the end of the line, 13 was moving into unknown territory.

In Norse mythology the 13th number led to the death of Baldur, the beloved of the gods. When the 12 gods gathered for a banquet in Valhalla, Loki gatecrashed the party, increasing the number to 13, which led to the death of Baldur. It also happens that in Tarot cards, 13 is called "Death."

The baker's dozen

The "unlucky 13" is the reason why the thirteen loaves that bakers once supplied were never called by the number, but described as "a baker's dozen." The thirteenth loaf was regarded as a special bribe for the devil not to spoil the sale or the bread.

The lucky number 13

But 13 is not unlucky for all. The Mayas worshipped the 13 gods of the upper world. The Aztecs climbed 13 steps to their sacred places. Buddhists paid homage to 13 Buddhas. In Jewish faith, God revealed Himself by 13 attributes of bountiful mercy (Exodus 34: 6-7). The orthodox Jewish prayer book hold the Thirteen Principles of Faith. Jewish boys celebrate their Bar Mitzvah at age 13.

The number 13 in Greek is triskaideka and the fear of the number 13 is called triskaidekaphobia.

World's highest and longest bridges

2009-05-31T02:27:00.000-07:00

The highest bridge in the world can be found in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. The valley lies at an altitude of about 5 602 m (18,379 ft) above sea level on the India side of Kashmir. Called the Baily Bridge, it is only 30 metres (98 ft) long, and was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.

The highest road in the world runs along the Himalayan ridge in Kashmir

If you were thinking of the bridge that stands highest over water, then the Royal Gorge Bridge over the Arkansas River in Colorado, US is your answer. Built in 1929 for $350,000, it spans 321 m (1,053 ft) above the water.

The highest bridge measured by its piers is the Millau Viaduct (Viaduc de Millau) over the River Tarn in the Massif Central mountains in France. It is more than 300m (984ft) high and 2,5 km (1,5 miles) long.

Millau Viaduct (Viaduc de Millau) over the River Tarn in France.

The longest bridge in the world over a body of water is the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in New Orleans, USA with a total length of 38,6 km (24 miles). It was completed in 1956. The Bang Na Expressway in Bankok, Thailand is even longer, at 54 km (33.5 miles), but mostly is an elevated highway. However, they are soon to be outdone by the 79.6 km Xian-Zhengzhou high speed railway bridge being built in China. It will be known as the Wei River Bridge.

The most expensive bridge is the Seto-Ohashi-Kojima bridge in Japan. At 13,22 km (8,21 miles) long, it was built in 1988 at a cost of $8.3 billion.

The world's largest natural bridge is the Rainbow Bridge, tucked away among the rugged, isolated canyons at the base of Navajo Mountain, Utah, USA. It is a natural wonder. From its base to the top of the arch, it reaches 88,4 m (290 ft) - nearly the height of the Statue of Liberty - and spans 83,8 m (275 ft) across the river. The top of the arch is 12,8 m (42 ft) thick and 10 m (33 ft) wide.

The World's busiest bridge is the Howrah bridge across the river Hooghly in Calcutta, India. In addition to some 150,000 vehicles a day it carries more than four million pedestrians across its 457 m (1,500 ft) long 22 m (72 ft) wide span.

Schedule: ICC Twenty20 Cricket World Cup 2009

2009-05-28T01:51:00.000-07:00

Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
India	Pakistan	Australia	New Zealand
Bangladesh	England	Sri Lanka	South Africa
Ireland	Netherlands	West Indies	Scotland
Group E	A1, B2, C1, D2	Group F	B1, A2, C2, D1

Date	Lord's	Trent Bridge	The Oval
Fri, 5 June	Opening ceremony England v Netherlands 22:00 IST
Sat, 6 June		India v Bangladesh 22:00 IST	New Zealand v Scotland 14:30 IST Australia v West Indies 18:00 IST
Sun, 7 June			South Africa v Scotland 18:00 IST England v Pakistan 22:00 IST
Mon, 8 June		Ireland v Bangladesh 18:00 IST Australia v Sri Lanka 22:00 IST
Tues, 9 June	Pakistan v Netherlands 18:00 IST New Zealand v South Africa 22:00 IST
Wed, 10 June		Sri Lanka v West Indies 18:00 IST India v Ireland 22:00 IST

Placement for the Super Eight stage is determined as follows:
The first two teams in each group are placed 1 or 2. They will retain this position for the Super Eight stage, irrespective of whether they finish first or second in their group, unless they are knocked out by the team 3 in their group. In this instance, team 3 replaces the position of the team they knock out.

Date	Lord's	Trent Bridge	The Oval
Thu, 11 June		D1 v A2 (18:00 IST) B2 v D2 (22:00 IST)
Fri, 12 June	B1 v C2 (18:00 IST) A1 v C1 (22:00 IST)
Sat, 13 June			C1 v D2 (18:00 IST) D1 v B1 (22:00 IST)
Sun, 14 June	A2 v C2 (18:00 IST) A1 v B2 (22:00 IST)
Mon, 15 June			B1 v A2 (18:00 IST) B2 v C1 (22:00 IST)
Tues, 16 June		D1 v C2 (18:00 IST) D2 v A1 (22:00 IST)

The teams finishing first and second in groups E and F, based on points obtained in the Super Eight stage will compete in the semi-finals

Date	Lord's	Trent Bridge	The Oval
Wed, 17 June	REST DAY	REST DAY	REST DAY
Thu, 18 June		Women's semi-final A1 v B2 (18:00 IST) Men's semi-final E1 v F2 (22:00 IST)
Fri, 19 June			Women's semi-final B1 v A2 (18:00 IST) Men's semi-final F1 v E2 (22:00 IST)
Sat, 20 June	REST DAY	REST DAY	REST DAY
Sun, 21 June	Women's final 14:30 IST Men's final 19:30 IST Closing ceremony

Ticket prices

Lord's and The Oval	Gold		Silver		Family Stand
Men's Prices (inc. VAT)	Adult	U16	Adult	U16	Adult	U16
Opening game and ceremony	£60	£15	£40	£12	£30	£10
Group game - double header	£60	£15	£40	£12	£30	£10
Super 8 game - double header	£70	£15	£50	£12	£40	£10
Semi-finals day (women/men)	£90	£15	£60	£12	£50	£10
Finals day (women/men)	£90	£15	£60	£12	£50	£10

Trent Bridge	Gold		Silver		Family Stand
Men's Prices (inc. VAT)	Adult	U16	Adult	U16	Adult	U16
Group game and single header	£30	£12	£25	£10	£20	£8
Group game - double header	£50	£12	£35	£10	£30	£8
Super 8 game - double header	£60	£12	£45	£10	£40	£8
Semi-finals day (women/men)	£75	£12	£60	£10	£40	£8

Antarctica Widescreen Wallpapers

2009-05-26T10:59:00.000-07:00

Antarctica Widescreen Wallpapers

10 JPEG | 3200?1200 | 5.2 MB

high resolution widescreen wallpapers of southern pole of earth frozen in ice pictures from Antarctica.

download

http://www.uploading.com/files/8gvez4j6/wide_wallpaper_antarctica.rar.html

http://depositfiles.com/files/tl9d9ylos

Architecture wallpapers

2009-05-26T10:55:00.000-07:00

London bridge, Tower of Pisa, Egypt's pyramids and other great architectures from the world in these pictures high resolution

download

http://uploading.com/files/mey41frt/world_architecture.rar.html

http://depositfiles.com/files/i2eparplp

Win windows XP Games in seconds

2009-05-25T10:31:00.000-07:00

cheat codes for default games in windows xp-

Pinball
Secret - Extra Balls
Instructions - Type 1max at the start of a new ball to get extra balls.

Secret - Gravity Wall
Instructions - Type gmax at the start of a new game to activate the Gravity Well.

Secret - Instant Promotion
Instructions - Type rmax at the start of a new game to go up in ranks.

Secret - Skill Shot
Instructions - Launch the ball partially up the chute past the third yellow light bar so it falls back down to get 75,000 points. There are six yellow light bars that are worth a varying amount of points:
First: 15,000 points
Second: 30,000 points
Third: 75,000 points
Fourth: 30,000 points
Fifth: 15,000 points
Sixth: 7,500 points

Secret - Test Mode
Instructions - Type hidden test at the start of a new ball to activate Test Mode.
No notification will be given that this is activated but you can now left-click the mouse button and drag the ball around.
While in test mode press the following keys for more secrets:
H - Get a 1,000,000,000 High Score
M - Shows the amount of system memory
R - Increases your rank in game
Y - Shows the Frames/sec rate

Secret - Unlimited Balls
Instructions - Type bmax at the start of a new ball.
No notification will be given that this is activated but when a ball is lost a new ball will appear from the yellow wormhole indefinitely.
Once this is activated you will be unable to activate other secrets without restarting the game.

Solitaire
Secret - Instant Win
Instructions - Press Alt + Shift + 2 during game play to instantly win.

Secret - Draw single cards in a Draw Three game
Instructions - Hold down CTRL + ALT + SHIFT while drawing a new card. Instead of drawing three cards you will only draw one.

FreeCell
Secret - Instant Win
Instructions - Hold down Ctrl + Shift + F10 during game play.
Then you will be asked if you want to Abort, Retry or Ignore.
Choose Abort, then move any card to instantly win.

Secret - Hidden Game Modes
Instructions - In the "Game" menu choose "Select Game".
Enter -1 or -2 to activate the hidden game modes.

Hearts
Secret - Show All Cards
Instructions - Edit this registry key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Applets\Hearts and create a new String value named ZB with a Data value of 42.
Start Hearts and Press Ctrl + Alt + Shift + F12 to show all the cards.

Background - This secret is a reference to Douglas Adams' book the Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy. 'ZB' is the initials of the character Zaphod Beeblebrox, the Galactic President. '42' is the answer to The Ultimate Question Of Life, the Universe and Everything.

Minesweeper
Secret - Reveal Mines
Instructions - Minimize or close all running applications.
Launch Minesweeper, then type xyzzy.
Next hold down either shift key for one second.
Now when you move the mouse cursor over a Minesweeper square you will see a tiny white pixel in the top left corner of your desktop screen.
This pixel will change to black when your mouse moves over a mine.
You may need to change you desktop background to a solid color other then white or black to see the pixel.

Secret - Stop Timer
Instructions - Launch Minesweeper and start a game so the timer starts counting, then press the Windows Key + D to show the desktop.
Now when you select minesweeper from the taskbar you can continue playing with the timer stopped

The Law of the Seed

2009-05-23T04:55:00.000-07:00

Take a look at an apple tree. There might be five hundred apples on the tree, but each apple has just ten seeds. That's a lot of seeds!

We might ask, "Why would you need so many seeds to grow just a few more apple trees?"

Nature has something to teach us here. It's telling us: "Not all seeds grow. In life, most seeds never grow. So if you really want to make something happen, you had better try more than once."

This might mean:
You'll attend twenty interviews to get one job. You'll interview forty people to find one good employee. You'll talk to fifty people to sell one house, one car, one vacuum cleaner, one insurance policy, or a business idea. And you might meet a hundred acquaintances just to find one special friend .

When we understand the "Law of the Seed", we don't get so disappointed. We stop feeling like victims. We learn how to deal with things that happen to us.

Laws of nature are not things to take personally. We just need to understand them - and work with them.

IN A NUTSHELL
Successful people fail more often. But they plant more seeds.

When Things Are Beyond your control, here's something that you must NOT DO so as to be happy: You must not decide how you think the world SHOULD be. You must not make rules for how everyone SHOULD behave. Many times, such thoughts can bring you spiralling down into more unhappiness.

On the other hand, let's say you expect that:
Friends SHOULD return favours.
People SHOULD appreciate you.
Planes SHOULD arrive on time.
Everyone SHOULD be honest.
Your husband or best friend SHOULD remember your birthday.

These expectations may sound reasonable. But often, these things won't happen! So you end up frustrated and disappointed.

There's a better strategy. Demand less, and instead, have preferences! For things that are beyond your control, tell yourself:
"I WOULD PREFER "A", BUT IF "B" HAPPENS, IT'S OK TOO!"
You prefer that people are polite.. but when they are rude, it doesn't ruin your day.
You prefer sunshine.. but if it rains, it is ok too!

To become happier, we either need to:
a) Change the world, or
b) Change our thinking.
It is easier to change our Thinking!

IN A NUTSHELL
It is not the problem that is the issue, but rather it is your attitude attending to the problem that is the problem. It's not what happens to you that determine your happiness but rather how you think about what happens to you!

Be Thankful

2009-05-23T04:36:00.000-07:00

If you have a bad day at work, be thankful. Appreciate that you have a job. Some people don't.

When you pay your bills, be thankful. You can pay them.

If you see a gray hair, be thankful. Think of the cancer patient in chemotherapy who only wishes for any hair.

When you find yourself waiting in line or the recipient of poor service, be thankful. Think about the people who have no food to eat at all.

When you realize how much work it is to take care of a house, be thankful you have a house. Think about those who only wish they had a house to take care of.

When you feel like complaining because you have to walk a long distance from your car, be thankful. Think of what it would be like not to be able to walk!

If you get irritated by other people's anger, apathy, ignorance, bitterness, or insecurities, be thankful. Things could be worse. You could be one of them!

When you think everything in your world is terrible, and you want to give up, think of the people who have been told they only have a certain amount of time to live. They don't want to give up.

Indian Defence Awards : Param Vir Chakra

2009-05-20T12:21:00.000-07:00

Which sings a song of glory,
Narrates the sacrifice story,
Emblem of a close intimacy
its the award of bravery.

Param Vir Chakra is the highest gallantry award given to the officers and enlisted personnel by the President of India to all military branches of India. Its like an achievement which they get for there extreme bravery and sacrifice.It has been giving since 1950 every year to those who presents an extreme example of their great valour in wars to defend India.

Param Vir Chakra is a symbol of great bravery and courage which is shown by our soldiers without caring of their lives. This medal tells the story of great patriotism, sacrifice and intimacy with the motherland as well. This medal is given to posthumous as well as alive soldiers. Some times the recipient might be his / her widow / widower or to the next of kin or a family member. This medal also gives some amount of pension to the recipients. Till date India has fought 4 wars where 21 soldiers got this medal of which 14 are posthumous.

Param Vir Chakra was designed by Mrs. Savitri Khanolkar who was born in Russia on 20th July 1913. Later she got married to an Indian Army Officer Major V Khanolkar of Sikh Regiment. This extremely talented lady is regarded for her great knowledge of Indian mythology because she designed this medal keeping the concept of mythology under consideration. This medal is made of bronze because bronze reflects the colour of motherland. It is circular in shape and having a radius of 1 and3/8 inches. The Ashoka's lion have increased the grace of this medal through acquiring a middle position and these are surrounded by 4 replicas of Indra's weapon "Vajra". This Param Vir Chakra symbolizes Rishi Dadhici who donated his thigh bone for the formation of Vajra for defeating Asuras.

The formation of Vajra was an example of extreme sacrifice,in the same way, this medal has come up as another example of devotion and sacrifice. Mrs. Savitri Khanolkar connected the soldier's bravery with Dadhici's sacrifice. Major Somnath Sharma who was the first recipient of this medal was the brother in law of the daughter of Mrs Savirti.

Pram Vir Chakra is salutations on behalf of every Indian to those who sacrifice their lives just to make others secured. Lots of movies have been made just to make remind every Indian about the sacrifice of great patriots. These movies like Hakikat, Border,L.O.C. have been a great source of inspiration for the youth of India as these try to bring the past in front of youth and try to bind them with their motherland. Here, we present you the story of those 21 valiant men who were awarded with this medal and their story of flight to an eternal flame.The name of those awrdees are-

* Major Somnath Sharma, (4 Kumaon)
* Company Havildar Major Piru Singh, (6 Rajputana Rifles)
* Naik Jadunath Singh, (4 Guards)
* Capt. Gurbachan Singh Salaria, (3/1 Gorkha)
* Subedar Joginder Singh, (1 Sikh,later 4 Merchanised Infantry)
* Major Shaitan Singh, (13 Kumaon)
* Company Havildar Major Abdul Hamid, (4 Grenadiers)
* Lieutinant Colonel A B Tarapore, (17 Horse)
* Lance Naik albert Ekka, (14 Guards)
* Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, (18 Sqadron IAF)
* Second Lieutinant Arun Khetarpal, (17 House)
* Major Ramaswamy Parameswaran, (8 Mahar)
* Capt. Vikram Batra (13 J&K)
* Lieutinant Major Pandey, (-1/11 Gorkha Rifles)
* Lance Naik Karam Singh, (1 Sikh, later 4 Merchanjsed Infantry)
* Second Lieutinant Rama Raghoba Rane (Bombay Sappers Engineers)
* Mjor Dhan Singh Thapa, (3 Merchanised Infantry)
* Major Hoshiyar singh, (13 Kumaon)
* Naib subedar Bna Singh, (8 J&K)
* Grenadier Yogender Singh Yadav, (18 Grenadiers)
* Rifleman Sanjay Kumar (13 J&k)

AND THE STORY OF GREAT VALOUR STARTS WITH MAJOR SOMNATH SHARMA ………………

CBSE Board Results

2009-05-20T12:10:00.000-07:00

Class XII Exam Results 2009 - To be Announced on 22nd May 2009 at 10:00 Hrs. IST( Delhi, Guwahati and Allahabad regions )
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Class XII Exam Results 2009 - Announced on 20th May 2009
( Chennai, Ajmer and Panchkula regions )
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2009-05-20T12:05:00.000-07:00

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2009-05-17T11:40:00.000-07:00

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New world's tallest man

2009-05-16T11:15:00.000-07:00

He has spent years shrinking away from the limelight and at school his nickname was 'titch' because he was so tiny.

But Ukrainian Leonid Stadnyk has now officially become the world's tallest man standing at a towering 8ft 5ins in tall.

Measuring an impressive 8ins taller than the previous record holder, Mongolia's Bao Xishun, it has long been suspected that Stadnyk should hold the official title of the world's tallest man.

No, this isn't a toy, but at 8ft 5ins Leonid Stadnik makes this car look like a Mini

But until now the 37-year-old former veterinarian has always refused to be officially measured for the Guinness Book of Records as he hates his height and didn't want to be famous.

The towering giant who lives in Podoliantsi, a tiny village in Ukraine has called his height 'God's biggest punishment for me' and refuses to look in the mirror.

His extraordinary growth spurt started at the age of 14 after surgery on a benign brain tumour stimulated his pituitary gland, which is responsible for generating the hormones that boost growth.

How many tall men does it take to change a light bulb?

Previously at school, the Ukrainian was one of the smallest boys in his class and he used to be known to fellow pupils as 'titch'.

But his condition known as acromegalic gigantism, saw him grow so fast that suit trousers which once fitted him perfectly were 12 inches too short within two years.

He now sleeps on two beds joined together lengthwise, weighs nearly 32 stone, and has 17-inch feet. His gargantuan palms measure more than a foot in diameter.

Despite persistent attempts by the Guinness Book of Records to officially measure him over the last three years, Stadnyk had always refused until he met London growth expert, Professor Michael Besser.

Ukraine's President Viktor Yushchenko, left, shakes hands with Leonid Stadnik, 36, believed to be the world's tallest man

On examination, the specialist found to his surprise that the brain tumour which had haunted Stadnyk for more than 20 years had naturally died off - saving Stadnyk's life and finally halting his extraordinary growth spurt.

It was Professor Besser's discovery - filmed for a documentary on the Discovery Channel in December last year- that led to the emergence of his true height after it was measured officially in Kiev.

Now he has been added to the record books in America, although the 2008 Guinness Book of Records won't be published in the UK until September 28 this year.

The former veterinarian, now lives with his mother in a cramped three-room, one-storey house in northwestern Ukraine where he has to contort his frame to get in the doorway.

Scroll down for more...

Bao Xishun, who was the world's tallest man, with his 5' 6 wife

Stadnyk spends his days taking care of the family's house, cows and pigs, gardening and looking after a tiny pet parakeet.

Although he was once able to work on a cattle farm, he had to quit six years ago after his feet became frostbitten because he couldn't able afford to buy a pair of specially made size 27 shoes which cost £98 - the equivalent of seven months' worth of his pension- for his gigantic feet.

Professor Besser, from the London Clinic Centre for Endocrinology said: "He doesn't want to be famous. He lives like a hermit and he says he has done nothing to court fame and wants nothing to do with the Guinness Book of Records.

Scroll down for more...

Bao Xishun shakes hands with He Pingping who claims to be the shortest

"His recovery from the tumour has been remarkable."

The former record holder was Mongolian Bao Xishun who was measured at 7 ft 8.95 in on January 15 2005 at Chifeng City Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China.

The UK's tallest man is Neil Fingleton, who was measured at 7ft 7.56ins at the Guinness World Records offices on January 29 2007.

The tallest ever man was American Robert Pershing Wadlow, who was born in Alton, Illinois on 22 February 1918 and was last measured at 8ft 11.1in tall on 27 June 1940.

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Rajiv gandhi assassination

2009-05-13T11:24:00.000-07:00

The Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, located in New Delhi at 1 Safdarjung houses the remains of the dress worn by Rajiv Gandhi,the seventh Prime Minister of India, during his assassination.

The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi took place in Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu, India on 21 May 1991. It was one of the first uses of suicide bombing for the purposes of political terror.At least 14 others were also killed.

Rajiv Gandhi's assassination was carried out by Thenmozhi Rajaratnam, a female member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). At the time India was embroiled, through the Indian Peace Keeping Force, in the Sri Lankan Civil War.

Subsequent accusations of conspiracy have been addressed by two commissions of inquiry, and have brought down at least one national government. The LTTE has denied responsibility.

Rajiv Gandhi's last public meeting was on 21 May, 1991, in Sriperumbudur, a town approximately 30 miles from Chennai, where he was assassinated while campaigning for the Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha Congress candidate Mrs Maragatham Chandrasekhar in Tamil Nadu. [2] The assassination was carried out by the LTTE suicide bomber Thenmozhi Rajaratnam also known as Dhanu. Later, the real name of the suicide bomber came to be known as Gayatri.

Rajiv Gandhi had arrived at Chennai about two hours earlier and then was driven by motorcade in a white Ambassador car to Sriperumbudur, stopping along the way at a few other election campaigning venues. During the drive to Sriperumbudur, he was accompanied by a foreign journalist who interviewed him in the car. When he reached the venue at Sriperumbudur, he got out of his car and began to walk inside towards the dais where he would deliver his speech. Along the way, he was garlanded by many well wishers, Congress party workers and school children. At 10:10 p.m., the assassin Dhanu approached him and greeted the former Prime Minister. She then bent down to touch his feet and detonated an RDX explosive laden belt tucked below her dress. The former Prime Minister along with many others were killed in the explosion that followed. The assassination was caught on film through the lens of a local photographer, whose camera and film was found from the site. The cameraman himself also died in the blast.

Seven pillars, each featuring a human value surrounds the site of the blast, at the Rajiv Gandhi Memorial in Sriperumbudur.

The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial was built at the site and is one of the major tourist attractions to the small industrial town.

As per the Supreme Court of India judgment, by Judge Thomas, the killing was carried out due to personal animosity of the LTTE chief Prabhakaran towards Rajiv Gandhi. However, it should be noted that the Rajiv Gandhi administration had already antagonised other Tamil militant organisations like PLOTE for reversing the military coup in Maldives back in 1988.

The judgement further cites the death of Thileepan in a hunger strike and the suicide by 12 LTTE cadres in a vessel in October 1987. The judgment while convicting the accused, four of them to death and others to various jail terms, states that absolutely no evidence existed that any one of the conspirators ever desired the death of any Indian other than Rajiv Gandhi, though several people were killed. Judge Wadhwa further states there is nothing on record to show that the intention to kill Rajiv Gandhi was to overawe the Government. Hence it was held that it was not a terrorist act under TADA (Act).Judge Thomas further states that conspiracy was hatched in stages commencing from 1987 and that it spanned several years. The Special Investigation team of India's premier special investigation agency CBI was not able to pinpoint when the decision to kill Rajiv Gandhi was taken.

The trial was conducted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA). The designated TADA court in Chennai gave death sentences to all the 26 accused. This created a storm in India. Legal experts were stunned.Human rights groups protested as the trial did not meet standards of a free trial. The trial was held behind closed doors, in camera courts, and the non-disclosure of identity of witnesses was maintained. Ms A. Athirai, an accused, was only 17 years when she was arrested. Under TADA an accused can appeal only to the Supreme Court. Appeal to the High Court is not allowed as in normal law. Confessions given by the accused to the Superintendent of Police are taken as evidence against the accused under TADA. Under TADA the accused could be convicted on the basis of evidence that would have been insufficient for conviction by an ordinary court under normal Indian law. In the Rajiv Gandhi case confessions by accused formed a major part of the evidence in the judgement against them which they later claimed was taken under duress.On appeal to the Supreme Court, only four of the accused were sentenced to death and the others to various jail terms.

In the Jain report, various people and agencies are named as suspected of having been involved in the murder of Rajiv Gandhi. Among them, the cleric Chandraswami was suspected of involvement, including financing the assassination. One of the accused, Ranganath, said Chandraswami was the godfather who financed the killing. Sikh Militants were also suspected.The interim report of the Jain Commission created a storm when it accused Karunanidhi and the Tamils of a role in the assassination, leading to Congress withdrawing its support for the I. K. Gujral government and fresh elections in 1998. It is a notable mention that the current Congress government led by Sonia Gandhi, wife of Rajiv Gandhi has Karunanidhi as one of its allies. In 2006, LTTE spokesman Anton Balasingham told the Indian television channel NDTV that the killing was a "great tragedy, a monumental historical tragedy which we deeply regret.

Indian Republic Day Guests

2009-05-11T13:50:00.001-07:00

26th January 1950 is one of the most important days in Indian history as it was on this day the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly sovereign state. In this day India became a totally republican unit. The country finally realized the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the numerous freedom fighters who, fought for and sacrificed their lives for the Independence of their country. So, the 26th of January was decreed a national holiday and has been recognized and celebrated as the Republic Day of India, ever since.

Today, the Republic Day is celebrated with much enthusiasm all over the country and especially in the capital, New Delhi where the celebrations start with the Presidential address to the nation. The beginning of the occasion is always a solemn reminder of the sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the country in the freedom movement and the succeeding wars for the defence of sovereignty of their country. Then, the President comes forward to award the medals of bravery to the people from the armed forces for their exceptional courage in the field and also the civilians, who have distinguished themselves by their different acts of valour in different situations.

To mark the importance of this occasion, every year a grand parade is held in the capital, from the Rajghat, along the Vijaypath. The different regiments of the army, the Navy and the Air force march past in all their finery and official decorations even the horses of the cavalry are attractively caparisoned to suit the occasion. The crème of N.C.C cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms.

The parade is followed by a pageant of spectacular displays from the different states of the country. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion. The parade and the ensuing pageantry is telecast by the National Television and is watched by millions of viewers in every corner of the country.

The patriotic fervour of the people on this day brings the whole country together even in her essential diversity. Every part of the country is represented in occasion, which makes the Republic Day the most popular of all the national holidays of India.


1976	Prime Minister Jacques Chirac	France
1978	President Dr.Patrick Hillery	Ireland
1985	President Raul Alfonsin	Argentina
1986	Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou	Greece
1987	President Alan Garcia	Peru
1988	President Junius Jayewardene	Sri Lanka
1992	President Mário Soares	Portugal
1993	Prime Minister John Major	United Kingdom
1995	President Nelson Mandela^[2]	South Africa
1996	President Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso	Brazil
1997	Prime Minister Basdeo Panday	Trinidad and Tobago
1998	President Jacques Chirac	France
1999	King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev	Nepal
2000	President Olusegun Obasanjo	Nigeria
2001	President Abdelaziz Bouteflika	Algeria
2002	President Cassam Uteem	Mauritius
2003	President Mohammed Khatami	Iran
2004	President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva	Brazil
2005	King Jigme Singye Wangchuk	Bhutan
2006	King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud	Saudi Arabia
2007	President Vladimir Putin	Russia
2008	President Nicolas Sarkozy	France
2009	President Nursultan Nazarbayev	Kazakhstan

world’s worst-ever industrial disaster

2009-05-11T13:25:00.000-07:00

On December 3rd, 1984, thousands of people in Bhopal, India, were gassed to death after a catastrophic chemical leak at a Union Carbide pesticide plant. More than 150,000 people were left severely disabled - of whom 22,000 have since died of their injuries - in a disaster now widely acknowledged as the world’s worst-ever industrial disaster.

More than 27 tons of methyl isocyanate and other deadly gases turned Bhopal into a gas chamber. None of the six safety systems at the plant were functional, and Union Carbide’s own documents prove the company designed the plant with “unproven” and “untested” technology , and cut corners on safety and maintenance in order to save money.

Today, twenty five years after the Bhopal disaster, at least 50,000 people are too sick to work for a living, and a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association confirmed that the children of gas-affected parents are themselves afflicted by Carbide’s poison.

Carbide is still killing in Bhopal. The chemicals that Carbide abandoned in and around their Bhopal factory have contaminated the drinking water of 20,000 people.Testing published in a 2002 report revealed poisons such as 1,3,5 trichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, lead and mercury in the breast milk of nursing women living near the factory.

Although Dow Chemical acquired Carbide’s liabilities when it purchased the company in 2001 , it still refuses to address its liabilities in Bhopal - or even admit that they exist. Till date, Dow-Carbide has refused to:

1) Clean up the site, which continues to contaminate those near it, or to provide just compensation for those who have been injured or made ill by this poison;
2) Fund medical care, health monitoring and necessary research studies, or even to provide all the information it has on the leaked gases and their medical consequences;
3) Provide alternate livelihood opportunities to victims who can not pursue their usual trade because of their exposure-induced illnesses;
4) Stand trial before the Chief Judicial Magistrate’s court in Bhopal, where Union Carbide faces criminal charges of culpable homicide (manslaughter), and has fled these charges for the past 15 years.

THAT NIGHT

Death came out of a clear sky. Midnight, a cold wind blowing, the stars brilliant as they are in central India, even through the thin pall of cooking-fire smoke that hung above the city. Here and there, braziers were burning to warm those who were obliged to be out late. From the factory which so many had learned to fear, a thin plume of white vapor began streaming from a high structure. Caught by the wind, it became a haze and blew downward to mix with smokes coming from somewhere nearer to the ground. A dense fog formed. Nudged by the wind, it rolled across the road and into the alleys on the other side. Here the houses were packed close, ill-built, with badly-fitting doors and windows. Those within were roused in darkness to the sound of screams with the gases already in their eyes, noses and throats. It burned terribly, it felt like fire.

Remembers Aziza Sultan, a survivor: "At about 12.30 am I woke to the sound of my baby coughing badly. In the half light I saw that the room was filled with a white cloud. I heard a lot of people shouting. They were shouting 'run, run'. Then I started coughing with each breath seeming as if I was breathing in fire. My eyes were burning."

"Dow will have to kill us all, because we will never give up..."

Read Their Stories
Testimonials from Bhopal

Another survivor, Champa Devi Shukla, remembers that "It felt like somebody had filled our bodies up with red chillies, our eyes tears coming out, noses were watering, we had froth in our mouths. The coughing was so bad that people were writhing in pain. Some people just got up and ran in whatever they were wearing or even if they were wearing nothing at all. Somebody was running this way and somebody was running that way, some people were just running in their underclothes. People were only concerned as to how they would save their lives so they just ran.

"Those who fell were not picked up by anybody, they just kept falling, and were trampled on by other people. People climbed and scrambled over each other to save their lives – even cows were running and trying to save their lives and crushing people as they ran."

In those apocalyptic moments no one knew what was happening. People simply started dying in the most hideous ways. Some vomited uncontrollably, went into convulsions and fell dead. Others choked to death, drowning in their own body fluids. Many were crushed in the stampedes through narrow gullies where street lamps burned a dim brown through clouds of gas.

"The force of the human torrent wrenched children's hands from their parents' grasp. Families were whirled apart," reported the Bhopal Medical Appeal in 1994. "The poison cloud was so dense and searing that people were reduced to near blindness. As they gasped for breath its effects grew ever more suffocating. The gases burned the tissues of their eyes and lungs and attacked their nervous systems. People lost control of their bodies. Urine and feces ran down their legs. Women lost their unborn children as they ran, their wombs spontaneously opening in bloody abortion."

More than half a million people were exposed to Carbide's poison gases.

When dawn broke over the city, thousands of bodies lay in heaps in the streets. Even far from the factory, near the lake, at Rani Hira Pati ka Mahal the ground was so thick with dead that you could not avoid treading on them. The army dumped hundreds of bodies in the surrounding forests and the Betwa river was so choked with corpses that they formed log-jams against the arches of bridges. Families and entire communities were wiped out, leaving no one to identify them. According to Rashida Bi, who survived the gas but lost five family members to cancers, those who escaped with their lives “are the unlucky ones; the lucky ones are those who died on THAT NIGHT.”

How many thousands died, no one knows. Carbide says 3,800. Municipal workers who picked up bodies with their own hands, loading them onto trucks for burial in mass graves or to be burned on mass pyres, reckon they shifted at least 15,000 bodies. Survivors, basing their estimates on the number of shrouds sold in the city, conservatively claim about 8,000 died in the first week. The official death toll to date (local government figures) stands at more than 20,000 and even now, twenty five years later, at least one person per day dies in Bhopal from the injuries they sustained on THAT NIGHT.

zoo zoo videos vodafone zoo zoo pictrues

2009-05-08T13:12:00.000-07:00

Zoo zoo or juju are the characters from vodafone ads being aired during the ipl season 2, the characters are funny and give an illusion of animation but the fact is that zoo zoo characters are real humans wearing white costumes. These ads have raised the revenue and sales of vodafone here are some videos of zoo zoo from the ads.

“The design of the characters is such that one gets fooled into thinking it is animation,” shrugs Rao, which was indeed the very illusion that had to be created. “In a sense, it is ‘live’ animation!” he quips, referring to the fact that it was all shot live.

Prakash Varma, ad filmmaker, Nirvana Films, has directed the commercials, and reveals that the Zoozoos were a big challenge to create. The practical aspects of how they will move, talk, gesticulate and emote were very important. Essentially, costume design and artwork were crucial elements.

“It took me three weeks of pre-production to understand how it will work,” says Varma. There were two fabrics that were considered for the body suits, and one was rejected for it had too many wrinkles and was shiny. The wrinkles would have shown when the characters moved, thereby shattering the illusion of animation. “So we chose the more practical, thicker fabric,” Varma explains.

The production team divided the outfit into two parts: the body and the head. The body part of the outfit was stuffed with foam in some places, while the head was attached separately. To make it look bigger than a human head, a harder material called Perspex was used, which in turn was stuffed with foam (with scope for ventilation).

If one wishes to understand the size of this head, here’s a fact: a human head would typically reach up to the mouth level of this giant Zoozoo head. “We kept the hands and legs thin, which is why we cast women – and occasionally children – wearing the costumes,” says Varma. The thin limbs, contrasted with big bellies and a bulbous head, all add to the illusion that these creatures are ‘smaller’ than humans. Sets were created to suit the size of the Zoozoos.
Concept Note: Zoozoos are not animated characters. They are human beings who were made to wear body suits. The films were shot by Nirvana in Cape Town, South Africa.

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